zing the work of Drs. Park and Krumweide, as well as
others throughout the world, gives the following results:

Of 63 children dying of tuberculosis at the babies' hospital 59 cases
proved to be human infection and 4 bovine, a percentage of 6-1/3.

Of 9 children dying of tuberculosis at the foundling hospital 4 proved
to have derived their infection from human sources and 5 from bovine, a
percentage of 55.

Of a total of 88 children under 5 years of age who died of tuberculosis
77 proved to have derived their infection from human sources and 11
from bovine, a percentage of 12-1/2.

Combining the cases studied in New York with those of other observers in
different parts of this country and Europe, the following results are
obtained:

Adults, 787 cases--777 human and 10 bovine infection.

Children, 5 to 16 years, 153 cases--117 human and 36 bovine infection.

Children under 5 years, 280 cases--215 human and 65 bovine infection.

The figures of the foundling hospital show the real danger of unprotected
cows' milk.

The conclusion from these studies is inevitable, namely, that in children,
in addition to the large number of deaths which occur from bovine
infection, there are many cases of infection resulting in deformities,
necessitating operations more or less severe in character and which
frequently leave the patient disfigured permanently.

It must be plain to all, from these recent developments, that too much has
been made of the slight differences in cultural characteristics, in
morphology, and in virulence which have been observed in some cases in
comparing the human and the bovine bacilli. The observations were
interesting, and it was important that they be followed up until their
significance was made entirely clear, but it was an almost unpardonable
error, from a sanitary point of view, to promulgate sweeping
generalizations calculated to arrest and abolish important measures for
preventing human tuberculosis before the soundness of these generalizations
had been established by a thorough course of experimentation.

When Koch said in the British Congress on Tuberculosis that he should
estimate the extent of infection by the milk and flesh of tuberculous
cattle and the butter made of their milk as hardly greater than that of
hereditary transmission, and that he therefore did not deem it advisable to
take any measures against it, he went far beyond what was justi