, use the treatment described below
to promote warmth. If there be only slight breathing, or no breathing,
or if the breathing fail, then:--

TO EXCITE BREATHING--Turn the patient well and instantly on the side,
supporting the head, and excite the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, and
smelling salts or tickle the throat with a feather, etcetera, if they
are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, and dash cold water, or cold
and hot water alternately, on them.

If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly:--

TO IMITATE BREATHING--Replace the patient on the face, raising and
supporting the chest well on a folded coat or other article of dress.

Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then
briskly on the face, back again; repeating these measures cautiously,
efficiently, and perseveringly about fifteen times in the minute, or
once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side.

[_By placing the patient on the chest the weight of the body forces the
air out; when turned on the side this pressure is removed, and air
enters the chest_.]

On each occasion that the body is replaced on the face make uniform but
efficient pressure with brisk movement, on the back between and below
the shoulder-blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure
immediately before turning the body on the side. During the whole of
the operations let one person attend solely to the movements of the
head, and of the arm placed under it.

[_The first measure increases the expiration, the second commences
inspiration_.]

The result is _respiration_ or _natural breathing_, and, if not too
late, _life_.

Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and
feet; and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the
body and cover, or gradually re-clothe it, but taking care not to
interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

III. Should these efforts not prove successful in the course of from
two to five minutes, proceed to imitate breathing by Dr Silvester's
method, as follows:--

Place the patient on the _back_ on a flat surface, inclined a little
upwards from the feet; raise and support the head and shoulders on a
small firm cushion or folded article of dress placed under the
shoulder-blades.

Draw forward the patient's tongue, and keep it projecting beyond the
lips; an elastic band over the tongue and under the chin will answer
this purpose, or a piec