elivered to him the
following holy writing--a charm of inestimable value, as we shall
presently learn:--"+ Jesus, + Christus, + Messias, + Soter, +
Emmanuel, + Sabbath, + Adonii, + Unigenitus, + Majestas, + Paracletus,
+ Salvator Noster, + Agiros Iskiros, + Agios, + Adonatos, + Gasper, +
Melchior, + Mattheus, + Marcus, + Lucas, + Johannes." The angel, so
said Leo, directed him to take it to King Charles when he went to the
battle of Roncesvalles. Moreover, the holy messenger said that
whatever man or woman carried a copy of this writing, and every day
said three paternosters, three aves, and one creed, would not be
overcome by enemies, either bodily or ghostly; nor would the person
thus protected be robbed, or slain by thieves, pestilence, thunder, or
lightning; neither would he be hurt by fire or water.

By the writings of various authors, we gather that both the physician
and priest placed a high value on amulets, charms, and incantations.
Argerius Ferrarius, a celebrated physician, expressed the opinion that
physic might benefit a patient to a certain degree, but that, to
complete a cure, the application of amulets, charms, and characters
was desirable. He cited many cases that came under his own observation
and that of other physicians. Galen expressed the opinion that charms
prevented bones sticking in people's throats.

Physicians skilled in magic applied three seeds of three-leaved grass
to tertian ague, and four to a quartian. Of Homerical medicines,
Argerius Ferrarius writes there are four sorts, whereof amulets,
characters, and charms are three; but he commends and prefers the
fourth, which, he says, consists in illusions or stratagems. He tells
how Philodotus put a cap of lead upon one's head who imagined he was
headless, whereby the person was freed from his delusion. Another
cured a woman, under the impression that a serpent continually gnawed
her entrails, by giving her a vomit, and making her believe that she
vomited a little serpent.

A man who imagined that he was always burning in a fire, had his
illusion dispelled by seeing fire taken out from beneath his bed.
Great stress is put on the alleged fact that hiccough is cured by
sudden fear or startling news, and that agues and many other diseases
may be removed by excitement.

Inescation is a curious method practised for the cure of certain
diseases. The cure may be effected by impregnating a proper medium or
vehicle with some of the mumia or vital