before, and similar
dressings applied, perforated, however, over the wound in the soft
parts.

In fracture of the ribs (_flexura costi_) Gilbert recommends a
somewhat novel plan for the replacement of the displaced bone. Having
put the patient in a bath, the physician rubs his hands well with
honey, turpentine, pitch or bird-lime (_visco_), applies his sticky
palms over the displaced ribs, and gradually raises them to their
normal position. He also says (f. 183a), the application of a dry cup
(_cuffa vero cum igne_?) over the displaced rib is a convenient method
for raising it into position.

Of fractures of the forearm Gilbert simply says that they are to be
recognized by the touch and a comparison of the injured with the sound
arm. They should be diligently fomented, extension made if necessary,
and then treated like other fractures.

Dislocation of the atlo-axoid articulation (_os juguli_) he tells us
threatens speedy death. The mouth of the patient is to be kept open
by a wooden gag, a bandage passed beneath the jaw and held by the
physician, who places his feet upon the shoulders of the patient and
pressing down upon them while he elevates the head by the bandage,
endeavors to restore the displaced bone to its normal position.
Inunctions of various mollitives are then useful.

Dislocations of the lower jaw are recognized by the failure of the
teeth to fit their fellows of the upper jaw, and by the detection of
the condyles of the jaw beneath the ears. The bone is to be grasped
by the rami and dragged down until the teeth resume and retain
their natural position, and the jaw is then to be kept in place by a
suitable bandage.

In dislocation of the humerus the patient is to be bound in the supine
position, a wedge-shaped stone wrapped with yarn placed in the axilla,
and the surgeon, pressing against the padded stone with his foot and
raising the humerus with his hands, reduces the head of the bone to
its natural position. If this method fails, a long crutch-like stick
is prepared to receive at one end the axillary pad, the patient is
placed standing upon a box or bench, the pad and crutch adjusted in
the axilla, and while the surgeon stands ready to guide the dislocated
bone to its place, his assistants remove the bench, leaving the
patient suspended by his shoulder upon the rude crutch. In boys,
Gilbert tells us, no special apparatus is required. The surgeon merely
places his doubled fist in the axilla, with