tra on such a
footing, and in such good order, that he may bring honour upon himself,
and deserve the further favour of the Prince, his master, who thus
confides in his zeal and discretion.

"11th. A salary of four hundred florins to be received quarterly is
hereby bestowed upon the said Vice-Capellmeister by his Serene Highness.

"12th. In addition, the said Joseph Heyden shall have board at the
officers' table, or half a gulden a day in lieu thereof.

"13th. Finally, this agreement shall hold good for at least three years
from May 1st, 1761, with the further condition that if at the conclusion
of this term the said Joseph Heyden shall desire to leave the service,
he shall notify his intention to his Highness half-a-year beforehand.

"14th. His Serene Highness undertakes to keep Joseph Heyden in his
service during this time, and should he be satisfied with him, he may
look forward to being appointed Capellmeister. This, however, must not
be understood to deprive his Serene Highness of the freedom to dismiss
the said Joseph Heyden at the expiration of the term, should he see fit
to do so.

"Duplicate copies of this document shall be executed and exchanged.

"Given at Vienna this 1st day of May 1761,

"Ad mandatum Celsissimi Principis.

"JOHANN STIFFTELL, Secretary."

An "Upper Servant"?

The situation indicated by this lengthy document has afforded matter for
a good deal of comment, and not a little foolish writing. With some
it is the old case of Porpora and the blacking of the boots. Thus Miss
Townsend remarks: "Our indignation is roused at finding a great artist
placed in the position of an upper servant, and required to perform
duties almost menial in their nature." That is essentially a modern
view. These things have to be judged in relation to the ideas of the
age. It was only a few years before this that Johnson had contemptuously
thrown away a pair of boots which some pitying soul had placed at the
door of his rooms at Pembroke. The British mind likes to think of the
sturdy independence of the man who struck the death-blow at patronage in
literature. But Johnson himself had the meanest opinion of fiddlers.

Dependence in the Order of Nature

There was no talk in Haydn's native country of the dignity of art, at
any rate so far as musicians were concerned. When Mozart first arrived
in Vienna in 1781, he had to live with the archbishop's household, and
dine at the servants' table. Nay, he was known