--Gymnastics--Athletes--Role of the Spartiates.

CHAPTER XII

ATHENS. Origins of the Athenian people--Attica--Athens--The revolutions
in Athens--Reforms of Cleisthenes.

THE ATHENIAN PEOPLE. The slaves--The foreigners--The citizens.

THE GOVERNMENT. The assembly--The courts--The magistrates--Character of
the government--The demagogues.

PRIVATE LIFE. Children--Marriage--Women.

CHAPTER XIII

WARS. The Persian wars--Origin of these wars--Comparison of the two
adversaries--First Persian war--Second Persian war--Reasons for the
victory of the Greeks--Results of the wars.

WARS OF THE GREEKS AMONG THEMSELVES. The Peloponnesian war--War with
Sparta--Savage character of the wars--Effects of these wars.

CHAPTER XIV

THE ARTS IN GREECE. Athens in the time of Pericles--Pericles--Athens
and her monuments--Importance of Athens.

LETTERS. Orators--Sages--Sophists--Socrates and the philosophers--The
chorus--Tragedy and comedy--Theatre.

ARTS. The Grecian temples--Characteristics of Grecian
architecture--Sculpture--Pottery--Painting.

CHAPTER XV

THE GREEKS IN THE ORIENT. Asia before Alexander--Decadence of the
Persian empire--Expedition of the Ten Thousand--Agesilaus.

CONQUEST OF ASIA BY ALEXANDER. Macedon--Philip--Demosthenes--The
Macedonian supremacy--Alexander--The phalanx--Departure of
Alexander--Victories of Granicus, Issus, and Arbela--Death of
Alexander--Projects of Alexander.

THE HELLENES IN THE ORIENT. Dismemberment of the empire of Alexander--
The Hellenistic kingdoms--Alexandria--Museum--Pergamum.

CHAPTER XVI

LATER PERIOD OF GREEK HISTORY. Decadence of the cities--Rich and
poor--Strife between rich and poor--Democracy and oligarchy--The
tyrants--Exhaustion of Greece.

THE ROMAN CONQUEST. The leagues--The allies of the Romans--The last
struggles.

THE HELLENES IN THE OCCIDENT. Influence of Greece on Rome--
Architecture--Sculpture--Literature--Epicureans and Stoics.

CHAPTER XVII

ANCIENT PEOPLES OF ITALY. The Etruscans--Etruria--The Etruscan people--
The Etruscan tombs--Industry and commerce--Religion--The augurs--
Influence of the Etruscans.

THE ITALIAN PEOPLE. Umbrians and Oscans--The Sacred Spring--The
Samnites--The Greeks of Italy.

LATINS AND ROMANS. The Latins--Rome--Roma Quadrata and the Capitol.

CHAPTER XVIII

RELIGION AND THE FAMILY. Religion--The Roman gods--Form of the
gods