s possible to that of
Prince Kaunitz or Prince Metternich. The constitution of the German
empire is separately dealt with, but it may be pointed out here that
the _Reichs Kanzler_ is the federal minister of the empire, the chief of
the federal officials, and a great political officer, who directs the
foreign affairs, and superintends the internal affairs, of the empire.

In these German states the title of chancellor is also given as in
France to government and diplomatic officials who do notarial duties and
have charge of archives. The title of chancellor has naturally been
widely used in the German and Scandinavian states, and in Russia since
the reign of Peter the Great. It has there as elsewhere wavered between
being a political and a judicial office. Frederick the Great of Prussia
created a _Gross Kanzler_ for judicial duties in 1746. But there was in
Prussia a state chancellorship on the Austrian model. It was allowed to
lapse on the death of Hardenberg in 1822. The Prussian chancellor after
his time was one of the four court ministries (_Hofamter_) of the
Prussian monarchy.

AUTHORITIES.--Du Cange, _Glossarium_, s.v. "Cancellarius"; W. Stubbs,
_Const. Hist. of England_ (1874-1878); Rudolph Gneist, _Hist. of the
English Constitution_ (Eng. trans., London, 1891); L.O. Pike, _Const.
Hist. of the House of Lords_ (London, 1894); Sir William R. Anson,
_The Law and Custom of the Constitution_, vol. ii. part i. (Oxford,
1907); A. Luchaire, _Manuel des institutions francaises_ (Paris,
1892); K.F. Stumpf, _Die Reichs Kanzler_ (3 vols., Innsbruck,
1865-1873); G. Sceliger, _Erzkanzler und Reichskanzleien_ (ib. 1889);
P. Hinschius, _Kirchenrecht_ (Berlin, 1869); Sir R.J. Phillimore,
_Eccles. Law_ (London, 1895); P. Pradier-Fodere, _Cours de droit
diplomatique_, ii. 542 (Paris, 1899).

CHANCELLORSVILLE, a village of Spottsylvania county, Virginia, U.S.A.,
situated almost midway between Washington and Richmond. It was the
central point of one of the greatest battles of the Civil War, fought on
the 2nd and 3rd of May 1863, between the Union Army of the Potomac under
Major-General Hooker, and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia
under General Lee. (See AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, and WILDERNESS.) General
"Stonewall" Jackson was mortally wounded in this battle.

CHANCE-MEDLEY (from the A.-Fr. _chance-medlee_, a mixed chance, and not
from _chaude-medlee_, a hot affray), an accident of a mixed chara