FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   229   230   231   232   233   234   235   236   237   238   239   240   241   242   243   244   245   246   247   248   249   250   251   252   253  
254   255   256   257   258   259   260   261   262   263   264   265   266   267   268   269   270   271   272   273   274   275   276   277   278   >>   >|  
pecially indicating a state; e.g. _ntr.t sm.ti_, "the goddess goes"; _iw-k wd'.ti_, "thou art prosperous." The endings were almost entirely lost in New Egyptian. For early times they stand thus:-- Sing. 3. masc. _i_, late _w_. Dual _wii_. Pl. _w_. fem. _ti_. _tiiw_ _ti_. 2. masc. _ti_ _tiwny_. fem. _ti_ 1. c. _kwi_. _wyn_. The pseudo-participle seems, by its inflexion, to have been the perfect of the original Semitic conjugation. The simplest form being that of the 3rd person, it is best arranged like the corresponding tense in Semitic grammars, beginning with that person. There is no trace of the Semitic imperfect in Egyptian. The ordinary conjugation is formed quite differently. The verbal stem is here followed by the subject-suffix or substantive--_sdm-f_, "he hears"; _sdmw stn_, "the king hears." It is varied by the addition of particles, &c., _n_, _in_, _hr_, _tw_, thus:-- _sdm-f_, "he hears"; _sdm-w-f_, "he is heard" (_pl. sdm-ii-sn_, "they are heard"); _sdm-tw-f_, "he is heard"; _sdm-n-f_, "he heard"; _sdm-n-tw-f_, "he was heard"; also, _sdm-in-f_, _sdm-hr-f_, _sdm-k'-f_. Each form has special uses, generally difficult to define, _sdm-f_ seems rather to be imperfect, _sdm-n-f_ perfect, and generally to express the past. Later, _sdm-f_ is ordinarily expressed by periphrases; but by the loss of _n_, _sdm-n-f_ became itself _sdm-f_, which is the ordinary past in demotic. Coptic preserves _sdm-f_ forms of many verbs in its causative (e.g. [Coptic: tanchof] "cause him to live," from Egyptian _di.t.nh-f_), and, in its periphrastic conjugation, the same forms of _wn_, "be," and _iry_, "do." With _sdm-f_ (_sedmo-f_) was a more emphatic form (_esdomef_), at any rate in the weak verbs. The above, with the relative forms mentioned below, are supposed by Erman to be derived from the participle, which is placed first for emphasis: thus, _sdm.w stn_, "hearing is the king"; _sdm-f_, for _sdm-fy_, "hearing he is." This Egyptian paraphrase of Semitic is just like the Irish paraphrase of English, "It is hearing he is." The _imperative_ shows no ending in the singular; in the plural it has _y_, and later _w_; cf. Semitic imperative. The _infinitive_ is of special importance on account of its being preserved v
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   229   230   231   232   233   234   235   236   237   238   239   240   241   242   243   244   245   246   247   248   249   250   251   252   253  
254   255   256   257   258   259   260   261   262   263   264   265   266   267   268   269   270   271   272   273   274   275   276   277   278   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

Semitic

 

Egyptian

 
hearing
 

conjugation

 
ordinary
 

imperfect

 

person

 

imperative

 

paraphrase

 

Coptic


special

 
generally
 

perfect

 

participle

 
periphrastic
 
emphatic
 
esdomef
 

tanchof

 

expressed

 
periphrases

demotic
 

causative

 

preserves

 

ending

 
singular
 
plural
 

English

 

account

 

preserved

 

importance


infinitive
 

supposed

 

mentioned

 

relative

 

ordinarily

 

derived

 

emphasis

 

beginning

 

grammars

 
formed

subject

 
verbal
 
differently
 

original

 

prosperous

 
inflexion
 

simplest

 
arranged
 

pseudo

 
endings