month of October,
1687. Tyrconnell undertook that in less than a year everything
should be prepared."[23]

Tyrconnell was made Baron Talbotstown, Viscount Baltinglass, and Earl
of Tyrconnell in 1686, and Duke and Marquis, 30th March, 1689.

From his coming to Ireland, he worked hard for his master and his
countrymen. He gradually substituted Jacobite soldiers for the
Oliverians, who till then filled the ranks. He increased the army
largely, and lent the king 3,000 men in '88. Mischief was done to
James's cause by this employment of Irish troops in England. He was
active in calling in the corporation charters, and was exposed to much
calumny on account of it. The means, doubtless, were indefensible (for
the change should have been effected by act of Parliament, as it has at
length been in our times), but the end was to put the corporations into
the hands of the Irish people. And even in those new corporations,
one-third of the burgesses were of English descent and Protestant
faith; but this moderation is attempted to be shaved away by the
Williamites, who insist that most of these Protestants were Quakers,
whom they describe as a savage rabble, originally founded by the
Jesuits[24]--with what injustice we need hardly say. James describes
him "as a man of good abilities and clear courage, and one who for many
years had a true attachment to his majesty's person and interest."[25]

Lord Clanrickarde represented the Mac William _Uachdar_, one of the two
great branches of the De Burgos, who usurped the chieftaincy on the
death of the Earl of Ulster in the year 1333. His father was the great
Lord Clanrickarde, who held Connaught in peace and loyalty, from 1641
to 1650; when the troops for which he had negotiated with the Duke of
Lorraine not arriving, he too yielded to the storm.

Mac Donnel Lord Antrim, also the representative of a great house (the
Lord of the Isles), was equally dependant on his predecessor for
notoriety. His elder brother, the Marquis and Earl of Antrim, played a
notorious and powerful part on the Irish side, in the war, from 1642 up
to 1650. This Earl Alexander also commanded an Irish regiment during
the same war. He was within the treaty of Limerick, and saved his rank
and fortune.

Lords Longford and Granard were Williamites in fact. This does not
follow from their having acted so vigorously in the opposition in 1689,
but from their having joined William openly the year after. Lord
Granard