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ce temporal goods cannot be simultaneously possessed by many. The other way in which avarice may involve immoderation is in interior affection....' These words must not be taken to condemn the acquisition of large fortunes by capitalists, which is very often necessary in order that the natural resources of a country may be properly exploited. One man's possession of great wealth is at the present day frequently the means of opening up new sources of wealth and revenue to the entire community. In other words, superabundance is a relative term. This, like many other passages of St. Thomas, must be given a _contemporanea expositio_. 'There were no capitalists in the thirteenth century, but only hoarders.'[3] [Footnote 1: II. ii. 118, 4.] [Footnote 2: _Ibid._, ad. 1.] [Footnote 3: Rickaby, _Aquinas Ethicus_, vol. ii. p. 234.] It must also be remembered that what would be considered avarice in a man in one station of life would not be considered such in a man in another. So long as one did not attempt to acquire an amount of wealth disproportionate to the needs of one's station of life, one could not be considered avaricious. Thus a common soldier would be avaricious if he strove to obtain a uniform of the quality worn by an officer, and a simple cleric if he attempted to clothe himself in a style only befitting a bishop.[1] [Footnote 1: Aquinas, _In Orat. Dom. Expos_., iv. Ashley gives many quotations from early English literature to show how fully the idea of _status_ was accepted (_Economic History_, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 389). On the warfare waged by the Church on luxury in the Middle Ages, see Baudrillard, _Histoire du Luxe prive et publique_, vol. iii. pp. 630 _et seq._] The avaricious man offended against liberality by caring too much about riches; the prodigal, on the other hand, cared too little about them, and did not attach to them their proper value. 'In affection while the prodigal falls short, not taking due care of them, in exterior behaviour it belongs to the prodigal to exceed in giving, but to fail in keeping or acquiring, while it belongs to the miser to come short in giving, but to superabound in getting and in keeping. Therefore it is clear that prodigality is the opposite of covetousness.'[1] A man, however, might commit both sins at the same time, by being unduly anxious to acquire wealth which he distributed prodigally.[2] Prodigality could always be distinguished from extreme liberality b
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