it was finally absorbed in the Russian Empire. A few
years after a quarrel was brewing between England and Russia. Muscovite
agents were stirring up Persia and Affghanistan against us, and it was
thought that we might have to oppose them on the shores of the Black Sea.
Chrzanowski was attached to the British Embassy at Constantinople and was
employed for some years in ascertaining what assistance Turkey, both in
Europe and in Asia, could afford to us. In 1849 he was selected by
Charles Albert to command the army of the kingdom of Sardinia.

'That army was constituted on the Prussian system, which makes every man
serve, and no man a soldier. It was, in fact, a militia. The men were
enlisted for only fourteen months, at the end of that time they were sent
home, and were recalled when they were wanted, having forgotten their
military training and acquired the habits of cottiers and artisans. They
had scarcely any officers, or even _sous_ officers, that knew anything of
their business. The drill sergeants required to be drilled. The generals,
and indeed the greater part of the officers, were divided into hostile
factions--Absolutists, Rouges, Constitutional Liberals, and even
Austrians--for at that time, in the exaggerated terror occasioned by the
revolutions of 1848, Austria and Russia were looked up to by the greater
part of the noblesse of the Continent as the supporters of order against
Mazzini, Kossuth, Ledru Rollin, and Palmerston. The Absolutists and the
Austrians made common cause, whereas the Rouges or Mazzinists were
bitterest against the Constitutional Liberals. Such an army, even if
there had been no treason, could not have withstood a disciplined enemy.
When it fell a victim to its own defects, and to the treachery of
Ramorino, Chrzanowski retired to Paris.'--(_Extracted from Mr. Senior's
article in the 'North British Review.'_)

Chrzanowski died several years ago.--ED.]

CORRESPONDENCE.

Kensington, August 20, 1856.

My dear Tocqueville,--A few weeks after my return to London your book
reached me--of course from the time that I got it, I employed all my
leisure in reading it.

Nothing, even of yours, has, I think, so much instructed and delighted
me. Much of it, perhaps, was not quite so new to me as to many others; as
I had had the privilege of hearing it from you--but even the views which
were familiar to me in their outline were made almost new by their
details.

It is painful to think how diff