nces are to be laid before the
Imperial Diet at its next session, and when the Diet does not
approve the said Ordinances, the Government shall declare them to
be invalid for the future.

Article 9. The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, the
Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the
maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion
of the welfare of the subjects. But no Ordinance shall in any way
alter any of the existing laws.

Article 10. The Emperor determines the organization of the
different branches of the administration, and salaries of all
civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same.
Exceptions especially provided for in the present Constitution or
in other laws, shall be in accordance with the respective
provisions (bearing thereon).

Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army
and Navy.

Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and
peace standing of the Army and Navy.

Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and
concludes treaties.

Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege.

(2) The conditions and effects of a state of siege shall be
determined by law.

Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank,
orders and other marks of honor.

Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation
of punishments and rehabilitation.

Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with
the provisions of the Imperial House Law.

(2) The Regent shall exercise the powers appertaining to the
Emperor in His name.

CHAPTER II. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUBJECTS

Article 18. The conditions necessary for being a Japanese
subject shall be determined by law.

Article 19. Japanese subjects may, according to
qualifications determined in laws or ordinances, be appointed to
civil or military or any other public offices equally.

Article 20. Japanese subjects are amenable to service in the
Army or Navy, according to the provisions of law.

Article 21. Japanese subjects are amenable to the duty of
paying taxes, according to the provisions of law.

Article 22. Japanese subjects shall have the liberty of
abode and of changing the same within the limits of the law.

Article 23. No Japanese subject shall be arrested, detained,
tried or punished, unless according to law.

Article 24.