by documents in print or in writing, or by any other
similar means, he shall, in the matter, be amenable to the
general law.

Article 53. The Members of both Houses shall, during the
session, be free from arrest, unless with the consent of the
House, except in cases of flagrant delicts, or of offenses
connected with a state of internal commotion or with a foreign
trouble.

Article 54. The Ministers of State and the Delegates of the
Government may, at any time, take seats and speak in either
House.

CHAPTER IV. THE MINISTERS OF STATE AND THE PRIVY COUNCIL

Article 55. The respective Ministers of State shall give
their advice to the Emperor, and be responsible for it.

(2) All Laws, Imperial Ordinances, and Imperial Rescripts of
whatever kind, that relate to the affairs of the state, require
the countersignature of a Minister of State.

Article 56. The Privy Councillors shall, in accordance with
the provisions for the organization of the Privy Council,
deliberate upon important matters of State when they have been
consulted by the Emperor.

CHAPTER V. THE JUDICATURE

Article 57. The Judicature shall be exercised by the Courts
of Law according to law, in the name of the Emperor.

(2) The organization of the Courts of Law shall be
determined by law.

Article 58. The judges shall be appointed from among those,
who possess proper qualifications according to law.

(2) No judge shall be deprived of his position, unless by
way of criminal sentence or disciplinary punishment.

(3) Rules for disciplinary punishment shall be determined by
law.

Article 59. Trials and judgments of a Court shall be
conducted publicly. When, however, there exists any fear, that
such publicity may be prejudicial to peace and order, or to the
maintenance of public morality, the public trial may be suspended
by provisions of law or by the decision of the Court of Law.

Article 60. All matters that fall within the competency of a
special Court, shall be specially provided for by law.

Article 61. No suit at law, which relates to rights alleged
to have been infringed by the illegal measures of the
administrative authorities, and which shall come within the
competency of the Court of Administrative Litigation specially
established by law, shall be taken cognizance of by Court of Law.

CHAPTER VI. FINANCE