or mother, it is more than husband or wife, it is more than child or
friend. The State is the father and mother of all, is the wife of the
husband and the husband of the wife. The family is good, and good is
the joy of the man in wife and in son. But greater is the State, which
is the protector of all, without which the home would be ravaged and
destroyed. Dear to the good man is the honor of the woman who bore
him, dear the honor of the wife whose children cling to his knees; but
dearer should be the honor of the State that keeps safe the wife and
the child. It is the State from which comes all that makes your life
prosperous, and gives you beauty and safety. Within the State are
built up the arts, which make the difference between the barbarian and
the man. If the brave man dies gladly for the hearthstone, far more
gladly should he die for the State."

But only when the State seeks the good of the governed, for said
Pythagoras on another occasion: "Organized society exists for the
happiness and welfare of its members; and where it fails to secure
these it stands ipso facto condemned."

But to-day should the State be at war with another, and any citizen or
section of citizens believe their own country wrong and the opposing
nation wronged, they dare not say so, or if they do they run great risk
of being punished for treason. Men and women though no longer bought
and sold in the market place are subjected to subtler forms of serfdom.
In most European countries they are obliged to fight whether they will
or not, and irrespective of their private convictions about the
dispute; even though, as is the case in some European countries, they
may be citizens from compulsion rather than choice, they are not free
to abstain from active participation in the quarrel. Chinese
rebellions are said to "live on loot", i.e., on the forcible
confiscation of private property, but is that worse than winning
battles on the forcible deprivation of personal liberty? This is
nationalism gone mad! It fosters the desire for territory grabbing and
illustrates a fundamental difference between the Orient and the
Occident. With us government is based on the consent of the governed
in a way that the Westerner can hardly understand, for his passion to
expand is chronic. Small nations which are over-populated want
territory for their surplus population; great nations desire territory
to extend their trade, and when there are several grea