s put forth, and is still putting forth, growing strength.
There are about twenty Presbyterian churches in London, only two of
them--Dr. Cumming's being the principal--being connected with the State
Church of Scotland.

The Presbyterians are moving with the stream; they are beginning to
substitute "human hymns," as they are called, for the Psalms of David.
In one London chapel, at least, the organ has been introduced. In some
quarters doubts have been entertained as to the divine right of
Presbytery. There is amongst them a growing feeling of the impossibility
of spending the whole time of the Sabbath in "the public and private
exercises of God's worship, except so much as is taken up in works of
necessity and mercy." It is to be questioned whether the Catechism
definition of the duties of the State in relation to the Church is
maintained by London Presbyterians. "The civil magistrate hath
authority, and it is his duty, to take order that unity and peace be
preserved in the Church; that the truth of God be kept pure and entire;
that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, all corruptions and
abuses in worship and discipline prevented or reformed, and all the
ordinances of God duly settled, administered, and observed. For the
better effecting whereof he hath power to call synods, to be present at
them, and to provide that whatsoever is transacted in them be according
to the mind of God." The Calvinism of the moderns is not the Calvinism
of the Westminster Assembly, and yet every clergyman at his ordination
declares that "he sincerely owns and believes the whole doctrine
contained in the Confession of Faith to be founded upon the Word of God;
acknowledges it as the Confession of his Faith; that he will firmly and
constantly adhere to it; and that he disowns all doctrines, tenets, and
opinions whatsoever contrary to and inconsistent with the Confession."
Holy Willie's prayer--

"O Thou wha in the heavens dost dwell,
Wha, as it pleases best thysel',
Sends ane to heaven and ten to hell,
A' for Thy glory,
And no for onie guid or ill
They've done afore Thee"--

whatever it was in Burns's time, is a caricature of Presbyterianism as it
exists in London in our day.

CHAPTER VIII.
CONGREGATIONALISTS AND BAPTISTS.

Early in our religious history two theories as to Church and State were
developed. If the Presbyterians had gained the day in that time of
religious ferment