covet his neighbor's goods, and then make him work in order to earn the
money to gratify these wishes, and civilization will begin.

"Mark you, Stuart, I don't say that I endorse this program, I'm only
telling you, in half-a-dozen words, what it really is. It is sure,
though, that when the black man rules, he relapses into savagery; when
he obeys a white master, he rises toward civilization."

Stuart remembered this, now, as he sat outside the cafe, and looked
pridefully at the tents of the U. S. Marines in the distance. He
realized that American improvements in the coast towns had not changed
the nature of the Haitian negro, or creole, as he prefers to be called.

Under his father's instruction, the boy had studied Haitian history, and
he knew that the Spaniards had ruled by fear, the French had ruled by
fear, the negro emperors and presidents had ruled by fear, and, under
the direct eye of the U. S. Marines, Haiti is still ruled by fear. In a
dim way--for Stuart was too young to have grasped it all--the boy felt
that this was not militarism, but the discipline necessary to an
undeveloped race.

Only the year before, Stuart himself had been through an experience
which brought the innate savagery of the Haitian vividly before his
eyes. He had been in Port-au-Prince when the Cacos undertook to raid the
town, seize the island, and sweep the United States Marines into the
sea. And, as he had heard a Marine officer tell his father, but for a
chance accident, they might have succeeded.

In October, 1919, Charlemagne Peralte, the leader of the Cacos, was
killed by a small punitive party of U. S. Marines. The Cacos may be
described as Haitian patriots or revolutionists, devotees of serpent and
voodoo worship, loosely organized into a secret guerilla army. They
number at least 100,000 men, probably more. About one-half of the force
is armed with modern rifles. The headquarters of the Cacos is in the
mountain country in the center of the island, above the Plain of
Cul-de-Sac, where no white influence reaches. No one who knew Haitian
conditions doubted that revenge would be sought for Charlemagne's death,
and all through the winter of 1919-1920, the Marines were on the alert
for trouble.

The Cacos leadership had devolved upon Benoit, a highly educated negro,
who had secured the alliance of "the Black Pope" and Chu-Chu, the two
lieutenants of Charlemagne. Upon Benoit fell the duty of "chasing the
white men into the sea" a