112. Bride and bridegroom with marriage crowns 166
113. Bullocks drawing water with _mot_ 170
114. Mang musicians with drums 186
115. Statue of Maratha leader, Bimbaji Bhonsla, in armour 200
116. Image of the god Vishnu as Vithoba 248
117. Coolie women with babies slung at the side 256
118. Hindu men showing the _choti_ or scalp-lock 272
119. Snake-charmer with cobras 292
120. Transplanting rice 340
121. Group of Pardhans 350
122. Little girls playing 400
123. Gujarati girls doing figures with strings and sticks 402
124. Ornaments 524
125. Teli's oil-press 544
126. The Goddess Kali 574
127. Waghya mendicants 604

PRONUNCIATION

_a_ has the sound of _u_ in _but_ or _murmur_.
_a_ has the sound of _a_ in _bath_ or _tar_.
_e_ has the sound of _e_ in _ecarte_ or _ai_ in _maid_.
_i_ has the sound of _i_ in _bit_, or (as a final letter)
of _y_ in _sulky_
_i_ has the sound of _ee_ in _beet_.
_o_ has the sound of _o_ in _bore_ or _bowl_.
_u_ has the sound of _u_ in _put_ or _bull_.
_u_ has the sound of _oo_ in _poor_ or _boot_.

The plural of caste names and a few common Hindustani words is formed
by adding _s_ in the English manner according to ordinary usage,
though this is not, of course, the Hindustani plural.

Note.--The rupee contains 16 annas, and an anna is of the same value
as a penny. A pice is a quarter of an anna, or a farthing. Rs. 1-8
signifies one rupee and eight annas. A lakh is a hundred thousand,
and a krore ten million.

PART I.

INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON CASTE

List of Paragraphs

1. _The Central Provinces._
2. _Constitution of the population._
3. _The word 'Caste.'_
4. _The meaning of the term 'Caste.'_
5. _The subcaste._
6. _Confusion of nomenclature._
7. _Tests of what a caste is._
8. _The four traditional castes._
9. _Occupational theory of caste._
10. _Racial theory._
11. _Entry of the Aryans into India. The Aryas and Dasyus._
12. _The Sudra._
13. _The Vaishya._
14. _Mistaken modern idea of the Vaishyas._
15. _Mixed unions of the four classes._
16. _Hypergamy._
17. _The mixed castes. The village menials._
18. _Social gradation of castes._
19. _Castes ranking above the cultivat