els were moved by gearing. In order to secure the requisite pressure
of steam in so small a boiler, a sort of bellows was provided which was
kept in action by means of a drum attached to one of the car-wheels over
which passed a cord which worked a pulley, which in turn worked the
bellows. Thus, of Stephenson's two great devices, without either of
which his success at Rainhill would have been impossible--the waste steam
blast and the multitubular boiler--Peter Cooper had only got hold of the
last. He owed his defeat in the race between his engine and a horse to
the fact that he had not got hold of the first. It happened in this
wise. Several experimental trips had been made with the little engine on
the Baltimore and Ohio road, the first sections of which had recently
been completed and were then operated upon by means of horses. The
success of these trips was such that at last, just seventeen days before
the formal opening of the Manchester and Liverpool road on the other side
of the Atlantic, a small open car was attached to the engine--the name of
which, by the way, was _Tom Thumb_--and upon this a party of directors
and their friends were carried from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills and
back, a distance of some twenty-six miles.

The trip out was made in an hour, and was very successful. The return
was less so, and for the following reason:--

"The great stage proprietors of the day were Stockton and Stokes; and on
that occasion a gallant grey, of great beauty and power, was driven by
them from town, attached to another car on the second track--for the
company had begun by making two tracks to the Mills--and met the engine
at the Relay House on its way back. From this point it was determined to
have a race home, and the start being even, away went horse and engine,
the snort of the one and the puff of the other keeping tune and time.

"At first the grey had the best of it, for his _steam_ would be applied
to the greatest advantage on the instant, while the engine had to wait
until the rotation of the wheels set the blower to work. The horse was
perhaps a quarter of a mile ahead when the safety valve of the engine
lifted, and the thin blue vapour issuing from it showed an excess of
steam. The blower whistled, the steam blew off in vapoury clouds, the
pace increased, the passengers shouted, the engine gained on the horse,
soon it lapped him--the silk was plied--the race was neck and neck, nose
and nose--then