ence, to do his utmost in the interests of
the public whom he serves. This is the theory upon which the
appointment of a judge in almost any English-speaking community is
understood to be made; and, although failures in its application may
occur now and then, there is no doubt whatever that on the average of
cases it works out well in practice.

If private manufacturers, whose success in life depends upon their
appreciation of talent and inventiveness, could be assured that in
dealing with public officials they would be brought into contact with
men of the standing indicated, instead of being confronted so
frequently with the demand for commissions and other kinds of solatium
on account of the risks undertaken in recommending anything new, they
would soon largely modify their distrust of what is known as
collectivism. It is the duty of the public whose servant an official
is, rather than of the private manufacturer, to insure him against
the danger of losing his position on account of any possible mistake
in the exercise of his judgment.

In short, the day is not far distant when the men upon whom devolves
the responsibility of examining into, and reporting upon, the claims
of those who profess to have made important industrial improvements
will be looked upon as exercising judicial functions of the very
highest type. When the important reforms arising from this recognition
have been introduced, the forces of collectivism will cease to range
themselves on the side of stolid conservatism in industry, as they
undoubtedly have done in the nineteenth century even while they
inconsistently professed to advance the cause of progress politically.

The inventor, who in the early part of the nineteenth century was
generally denounced as a public enemy, will, in the latter part of the
twentieth century, be hailed as a benefactor to the community, because
he will be judged by the ultimate, rather than by the immediate,
effects of his work, and because it will be the duty of the public
authorities to see to it that the dislocation of one industry
incidental the promotion of another by any invention does not, on the
whole, operate to throw people out of employment, but, on the
contrary, gives more constant work and better wages to all. But the
slow progress of the fundamental traits of human nature will retard
the attainment of this goal. The world has a long distance to travel
in the uphill road of industrial and social improvem