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In brief, it seems that the Brazilian institution of slavery was softer, far less brutal than the United States system. On the other hand, the United States slave system was probably more efficient, for the inefficiency of the management of the plantations of sugar in Brazil allowed the West Indies in the eighteenth century to take the lead in the sugar, rum, and molasses exports. The United States, under the slave system, secured pre-eminence in the production of the world's greatest textile staple, cotton. It is to be regretted, of course, that slavery has persisted so long, and still thrives in certain Mohammedan lands. It stands today outlawed in the new world, but it will always be a source of regret to progressive citizens of the United States that their country clung to the institution up to within the memory of many yet living, and that she did not relax her tight grasp upon the slave until forced to immediate action in the stress of a fratricidal war. To humane thinkers of Brazil, it will ever be a source of sorrow that their nation has only been slave ridden within the present generation, and even then, egged on to emancipation by the reproaches of an at last awakened world. Slavery must have differed in details in one country from that in another, but after all, it was shameful in Brazil, shameful in the United States, just as it is shameful at any other spot underneath the blue sky. HERBERT B. ALEXANDER FOOTNOTES: [1] Keller, Albert Galloway, Ph.D., _Colonization_, Boston, Copyright, 1908, p. 145. [2] DuBois, William Edward Burghardt, _The Negro_, New York, 1915, p. 164. [3] Keller, pp. 156-157. [4] _Ibid._ [5] Christie, W. D., _Notes on Brazil_, London, 1821, pp. 69-76. [6] Christie, pp. 69-76. [7] Dawson, Thomas C., _South American Republics_, two volumes, first edition, vol. I, New York, Copyright, 1903, p. 481. [8] DuBois, _The Negro_, p. 152. [9] _Ibid._ p. 184. [10] _Negro Population in the United States, 1790-1915_, p. 33. [11] Ingram, J. K., _A History of Slavery and Serfdom_, London, 1895, p. 285. [12] Bureau of Census (Dept. of Commerce and Labor), _A Century of Population Growth_, Washington, 1909, p. 80. [13] Blake, William O., _A History of Slavery and the Slave Trade_, Columbus, 1857, p. 808. [14] DuBois, _The Negro_, p. 190. [15] Henderson, James, _A History of Brazil_, London, 1821, pp. 73-74. [16] Kos
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