ed-Neuwied, Natterer, Perty, and
others made memorable exploring expeditions and journeys.

[120] These papers have been mercilessly criticised by Blainville in his
"Cuvier et Geoffroy St. Hilaire." In the second article--_i.e._, on the
anatomy of the limpet--Cuvier, in considering the organs, follows no
definite plan; he gives a description "_tout-a-fait fantastique_" of the
muscular fibres of the foot, and among other errors in this first essay
on comparative anatomy he mistakes the tongue for the intromittent
organ; the salivary glands, and what is probably part of the brain,
being regarded as the testes, with other "_erreurs materielles
inconcevables, meme a l'epoque ou elle fut redigee_." In his first
article he mistakes a species of the myriapod genus Glomeris for the
isopod genus Armadillo. In this he is corrected by the editor (possibly
Lamarck himself), who remarks in a footnote that the forms to which
M. Cuvier refers under the name of Armadillo are veritable species of
Julus. We have verified these criticisms of Cuvier by reference to his
papers in the "Journal." It is of interest to note, as Blainville does,
that Cuvier at this period admits that there is a passage from the
Isopoda to the armadilloes and Julus. Cuvier, then twenty-three years
old, wrote: "_Nous sommes donc descendus par degres, des Ecrevisses aux
Squilles, de celles-ci aux Aselles, puis aux Cloportes, aux Armadilles
et aux Iules_" (_Journal d'Hist. nat._, tom. ii., p. 29, 1792). These
errors, as regards the limpet, were afterwards corrected by Cuvier
(though he does not refer to his original papers) in his _Memoires pour
servir a l'Histoire et a l'Anatomie des Mollusques_ (1817).

[121] _Tableau elementaire de l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux._ Paris,
An VI. (1798). 8vo, pp. 710. With 14 plates.

[122] Tome i., p. 123.

[123] In his _Histoire des Progres des Sciences naturelles_ Cuvier takes
to himself part of the credit of founding the class Crustacea, stating
that Aristotle had already placed them in a class by themselves, and
adding, "_MM. Cuvier et de Lamarck les en out distingues par des
caracteres de premier ordre tires de leur circulation._" Undoubtedly
Cuvier described the circulation, but it was Lamarck who actually
realized the taxonomic importance of this feature and placed them in a
distinct class.

[124] See A. Hyatt's _Revision of North American Poriferae_, Part II.
(Boston, 1877, p. 11); also the present writer in his _Te