o-day, under a thatch hut, at one P.M., same
as yesterday, 96 deg.. Sugar dissolved into a wash is a common
remedy in Soudan and Bornou for bad eyes; but, perhaps, it
is made an excuse for getting sugar from us."

"In the evening we marched two hours and a-half in an
E.S.E. direction. We were met by the Sheikh of the place,
with some fifteen horse, and a mounted drummer. No wild
animals are seen, on account of the fires in the desert
(made, however, by the people on purpose to catch them). No
water-fowls swim in the pools, probably because there is no
cultivation. But this is the real country of the elephants.
I saw the dung some two days before, and could not make out
what it was. These days the dung was more abundant, and the
people told me what it was. The people about here do not
hurt them, their spears being useless against the hide of
this great quadruped; the hunters, however, entangle the
smaller animals--gazelles, &c.--by means of a great wheel
made of cane. The animals put their feet in the middle,
which gives in, and holds them, whilst the top is secured
by strong cords."

"Mandemnia.

"Kangarwar, half the size of Zinder. First day, evening
march, seven hours, pitched in open country; course, S.E.
Second day, pitched in open country; course, E. Third day,
six hours, E.N.E. Fourth day, half-an-hour's morning march.
Mandemnia village people occupied in making salt."

I believe Mr. Richardson was sometimes in the habit of
jotting down observations in this way on loose pieces of
paper previous to inserting them in his journal, which he
evidently wrote in great part with a view to its being sent
to the press, though at others he breaks away into a series
of disconnected memoranda. We have no further account of
what happened between the 21st of February and the 4th of
March, than what is contained in the letter written by Dr.
Barth, Mr. Richardson's fellow-traveller, so often
mentioned in the foregoing pages (see Preface).--ED.

APPENDIX.

LIST OF ROUTES, &c.

_Route from Zinder to Kanou._

From Zinder, starting S.S.E., Kankandi, one hour.

Baban Tabki, a quarter of an hour.

Dunai, four hours: large place, or village.

Guna, one hour: large place.

Karaiai, four hours: large villa