cover with a crust or mashed potatoes, and bake for 1/2 hour, or rather
longer.

_Time_.--Rather more than 1/2 hour.

_Average cost_, exclusive of the meat, 6d.

_Sufficient_ for 5 or 6 persons.

_Seasonable_ at any time.

_Note_.--It is as well to parboil the carrots and turnips before adding
them to the meat, and to use some of the liquor in which they were
boiled as a substitute for gravy; that is to say, when there is no gravy
at hand. Be particular to cut the onions in very _thin_ slices.

II.

599. INGREDIENTS.--Slices of cold roast beef, salt and pepper to taste,
1 sliced onion, 1 teaspoonful of minced savoury herbs, 5 or 6
tablespoonfuls of gravy or sauce of any kind, mashed potatoes.

_Mode_.--Butter the sides of a deep dish, and spread mashed potatoes
over the bottom of it; on this place layers of beef in thin slices (this
may be minced if there is not sufficient beef to cut into slices), well
seasoned with pepper and salt, and a very little onion end herbs, which
should be previously fried of a nice brown; then put another layer of
mashed potatoes, and beef, and other ingredients, as before; pour in the
gravy or sauce, cover the whole with another layer of potatoes, and bake
for 1/2 hour. This may be served in the dish, or turned out.

_Time_.--1/2 hour. _Average cost_, exclusive of the cold beef, 6d.

_Sufficient_.--A large pie-dish full for 5 or 6 persons.

_Seasonable_ at any time.

BEEF.--The quality of beef depends on various circumstances;
such as the age, the sex, the breed of the animal, and also on
the food upon which it has been raised. Bull beef is, in
general, dry and tough, and by no means possessed of an
agreeable flavour; whilst the flesh of the ox is not only highly
nourishing and digestible, but, if not too old, extremely
agreeable. The flesh of the cow is, also, nourishing, but it is
not so agreeable as that of the ox, although that of a heifer is
held in high estimation. The flesh of the smaller breeds is much
sweeter than that of the larger, which is best when the animal
is about seven years old. That of the smaller breeds is best at
about five years, and that of the cow can hardly be eaten too
young.

BAKED BEEF-STEAK PUDDING.

600. INGREDIENTS.--6 oz. of flour, 2 eggs, not quite 1 pint of milk,
salt to taste, 1-1/2 lb. of rump-steaks, 1 kidney, pepper and salt.

_Mode_.--Cut the steaks into nice square pieces, with