times a difficulty in swallowing.--_Treatment_. Give five
grains of calomel and half a grain of opium directly, in the form of a
pill, and half an ounce of Epsom salts in two hours, and repeat this
treatment until the bowels are well opened. Put the patient into a warm
bath, and throw up a clyster of warmish water when he is in it.
Fomentations of warm oil of turpentine, if they can be obtained, should
be put over the whole of the belly. The great object is to open the
bowels as freely and as quickly as possible. When this has been done, a
grain of pure opium may be given. Arrowroot or gruel should be taken in
good large quantities. The after-treatment must depend altogether upon
the symptoms of each particular case.

2662. _Opium_, and its preparations, _Laudanum, &c_.--Solid opium is
mostly seen in the form of rich brown flattish cakes, with little pieces
of leaves sticking on them here and there, and a bitter and slightly
warm taste. The most common form in which it is taken as a poison, is
that of laudanum.--_Symptoms_. These consist at first in giddiness and
stupor, followed by insensibility, the patient, however, being roused to
consciousness by a great noise, so as to be able to answer a question,
but becoming insensible again almost immediately. The pulse is now quick
and small, the breathing hurried, and the skin warm and covered with
perspiration. After a little time, these symptoms change; the person
becomes _perfectly insensible_, the breathing slow and _snoring_, as in
apoplexy, the skin cold, and the pulse slow and full. The pupil of the
eye is mostly smaller than natural. On applying his nose to the patient's
mouth, a person may smell the poison very distinctly.--_Treatment_.
Give an emetic draught (No. 1, see above) directly, with large quantities
of warm mustard-and-water, warm salt-and-water, or simple warm water.
Tickle the top of the throat with a feather, or put two fingers down it
to bring on vomiting, which rarely takes place of itself. Dash cold water
on the head, chest, and spine, and flap these parts well with the ends of
wet towels. Give strong coffee or tea. Walk the patient up and down in
the open air for two or three hours; the great thing being to keep him
from sleeping. Electricity is of much service. When the patient is
recovering, mustard poultices should be applied to the soles of the feet
and the insides of the thighs and legs. The head should be kept cool and
raised.

2663. The foll