--Land-tax, sewers-rate, and property-tax, are landlord's
taxes; but by 30 Geo. II. c. 2, the occupier is required to pay all
rates levied, and deduct from the rent such taxes as belong to the
landlord. Many landlords now insert a covenant, stipulating that
land-tax and sewers-rate are to be paid by the tenants, and not
deducted: this does not apply to the property-tax. All other taxes and
rates are payable by the occupier.

2715. WATER-RATE, of course, is paid by the tenant. The water-companies,
as well as gas-companies, have the power of cutting off the supply; and
most of them have also the right of distraining, in the same manner as
landlords have for rent.

2716. NOTICE TO QUIT.--In the case of leasing for a term, no notice is
necessary; the tenant quits, as a matter of course, at its termination;
or if, by tacit consent, he remains paying rent as heretofore, he
becomes a tenant at sufferance, or from year to year. Half a year's
notice now becomes necessary, as we have already seen, to terminate the
tenancy; except in London, and the rent is under forty shillings, when a
quarter's notice is sufficient. Either of these notices may be given
verbally, if it can be proved that the notice was definite, and given at
the right time. Form of notice is quite immaterial, provided it is
definite and clear in its purport.

2717. Tenancy for less than a year may be terminated according to the
taking. Thus, when taken for three months, a three months' notice is
required; when monthly, a month's notice; and when weekly, a week's
notice; but weekly tenancy is changed to a quarterly tenure if the rent
is allowed to stand over for three months. When taken for a definite
time, as a month, a week, or a quarter, no notice is necessary on either
side.

2718. DILAPIDATIONS.--At the termination of a lease, supposing he has
not done so before, a landlord can, and usually does, send a surveyor to
report upon the condition of the tenement, and it becomes his duty to
ferret out every defect. A litigious landlord may drag the outgoing
tenant into an expensive lawsuit, which he has no power to prevent. He
may even compel him to pay for repairing improvements which he has
effected in the tenement itself, if dilapidations exist. When the lessor
covenants to do all repairs, and fails to do so, the lessee may repair,
and deduct the cost from the rent.

2719. RECOVERY OF RENT.--The remedies placed in the hands of landlords
are very stringent.