ire must be drawn directly the water is down
to the bottom cock.

5. _The fracture or disconnection of the eccentrics, or any of the
slide-valve gear_.--In Engines without hand-gear, if the connection
cannot be restored, the attempt may be made, as in the previous instance,
to work with one cylinder. When the slide-valve gear is disabled,
Engines with hand-gear possess an advantage which others want, in being
able to be worked by hand, when a single cylinder would be unequal to the
duty, from not being able to move the crank over the centres at starting.

6. _The fracture of the strap which holds the slide-valve_, renders
unavailable the cylinder on that side where it occurs, without affecting
the other side. The slide should be detached and placed in the middle of
its stroke, and the attempt made to work with one cylinder.

7. _The disconnection of a piston_, by the fracture of either cotter, is
sometimes caused by shutting off the steam too suddenly when the Engine
is travelling fast with a heavy load. In this case also the slide should
be detached and set in the middle position, and the piston-rod uncoupled
from the connecting-rod, which should be removed to prevent its damaging
the small gear.

8. _The breaking of an axle_, in a four-wheeled Engine is an accident
which is almost of necessity attended with the overturn of the Engine.
In a six-wheeled Engine it requires the stoppage of the train until
assistance arrives.

9. _The Engine running off the rails_. With an Engine-man who drives
carefully, watching well the position of the switches, and the signals
given him, and stopping when he sees any danger attending his further
course, this is an accident of very rare occurrence. If the Engine
should run off on hard ground and near the rails, it may sometimes be
lifted on again at once, by screw-jacks, crow-bars, and long sways; but
if on soft ground or far from the rails, the fire must be drawn, and
instant attention given to prevent its sinking deep into the ground.

The Engine should first be separated from the Tender, which, being a
lighter weight, may be pushed out of the way, and leave more room for
operating on the Engine; this, if it has fallen over on its side, should
be lifted as quickly as may be into a vertical position; to do so, a
purchase should be obtained under the framing on the lowest side, in two
places if possible; two long and tough sways should be brought to bear on
these points,