is colony and the Danish trade in the East, in
_Establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones Europeas_, by Malo
de Luque (Madrid, 1784-90), iv, pp. 9-31. See map of "District of
Tranquebar," in Bellin's _Atlas maritime_, iii, fol. 36.

[90] This was Father Jeronimo Medrano; he was again elected to the
dignity of provincial in 1641 and in 1650.

[91] Christoval Ferreira was born in Portugal, in 1580. At the age
of sixteen he entered the Jesuit order, and in 1609 was sent to the
Japan mission; he remained there through many years of persecution,
and was long the provincial of his order in Japan. In 1633 he was
seized and imprisoned, and finally, under the strain of cruel tortures,
recanted his faith--being, it is claimed, the only Jesuit who in all
those fierce persecutions, became an apostate. His life was spared,
but he was compelled by the Japanese to witness the martyrdom of his
brethren, and even to decree their fate. At last Ferreira, tormented
by remorse and shame, surrendered himself to the authorities as being
still a Christian, and died (1652) as a martyr, suffering long and
extreme torments. See Cretineau-Joly's account of his career, in
_Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, iii, pp. 161-164.

Murdoch and Yamagata say of this Jesuit (_Hist. Japan_, p. 633): "As to
the story that Ferreyra repented and was _fossed_ at Nagasaki in 1653
(at the age of seventy-four), there seems to be no foundation for it."

[92] Apparently a corrupt Spanish pronunciation of the Japanese Jodo
(also written Jiodo, and Jodo), the name of one of the Buddhist sects
which flourish in Japan. It was founded in 1174 _A.D._--by one Honen,
according to Griffis; by Genku, according to Rein. Iyeyasu and his
successors were adherents and benefactors of this sect. "Its priests
strictly insisted upon celibacy, and abhorred the eating of flesh. They
taught that the health of the soul depends less upon virtue and
moral perfection than upon the strict observance of pious practices"
(Rein). See Griffis's account of Buddhism in Japan, in his _Mikado's
Empire_, pp. 158-175; and the chapter on religious systems in Rein's
_Japan_, pp. 442-464.

[93] This is the volcanic mountain called Onzenga-take, situated in
the northern part of Shimabara peninsula--noted for the terrible
massacre of Christians, in 1637, at Arima, a town in the south of
the peninsula--and east of Nagasaki. The last great eruption of this
volcano took place in 1791-93, in which, it is said, fif