lso to serve the purpose of
regulating rail, as the hammer rail is made to do in the square.

The back check is identical with that of the square.

The dampers are the same in their working principles as those of the
square, but are generally different in construction; yet, some squares
have the same arrangement of dampers as those shown in the cut of the
grand action.

The soft pedal of the grand shifts the entire action to the right so
that the hammers strike only two and in some cases only one of the
strings.

The student should study the three types of actions from the actions
themselves, if possible.

[Illustration: ACTION OF THE GRAND PIANO.]

ACTION OF THE GRAND PIANO.

1. Indicates the felt, cloth or leather, upon which the various
parts of the action rest, or fall noiselessly.

2. Key.

3. Bottom; sometimes called Key Rocker.

4. Extension; split at lower end to receive center pin in Bottom.

5. Wippen Support.

6. Jack.

7. Jack Spring.

8. Flange and Regulating Rail.

9. Regulating Screw, Button and Cushion.

10. Escapement Lever.

11. Regulating Screw in Hammer Flange, for Escapement Lever.

12. Check Wire, for Escapement Lever.

13. Screw to regulate fall of Escapement Lever.

14. Lever Flange, screwed to Flange Rail.

15. Hammer Shank.

16. Hammer.

17. Back Check.

18. Damper Lever, leaded.

19. Damper Wire, screwed into upright.

20. Damper Wire Guide, fastened to Sound-Board.

21. Damper Head and Felt.

0. Center Pins. Holes lined with Bushing Cloth.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR REMOVING THE SQUARE AND GRAND ACTIONS.

First, feel or look underneath the keyboard and see if there are
screws that go up into the action. In most of the better grade
instruments the action is fastened in this way. If the screws have
square heads, your tuning hammer will fit them and bring them out; if
common screws, a screw-driver will suffice. Look through the opening
in the sound board where the hammers strike and see that they are all
down before pulling out the action, lest they break off by catching on
the under side of the sound board. This is almost sure to happen if
actions are out of order.

In most square pianos, the narrow board just below the keys can be
removed by being raised straight up, as it simply sets over screw
heads in the key frame. When this strip is removed, a wire handle