he object of primary instruction is above
all to fortify religious instruction."]

[Footnote 6313: De Riancey, "Histoire de l'instruction publique,"
II.,312. (Apropos of the lectures by Guizot and Cousin, stopped by Mgr.
de Freyssinous:) "He did not believe that a Protestant and a philosopher
could treat the most delicate questions of history and science with
impartiality, and through a fatal effect of the monopoly he found
himself placed between his conscience and the law. On this occasion he
sacrificed the law."]

[Footnote 6314: Liard, ibid., p.837. After 1820, "a series of measures
are passed which, little by little, give back its primitive constitution
to the University and even end in incorporating it more closely with
power than under the Empire."]

[Footnote 6315: Here Taine describes the very principle of democratic
government in a welfare state. "Do not worry, demand and we supply,
the rich will pay!!!" Taine understood and foresaw the riches which the
industrial society could be made to produce but neither he nor anyone
else could foresee that Human Rights should include central heating,
housing, running hot and cold water, television, free health care, a car
and worldwide tourism..(SR.)]

[Footnote 6316: See "The Modern Regime," I., pp.183, 202.]

[Footnote 6317: Maggiolo, "des Ecoles en Lorraine." (Details on several
communal schools.) 3rd part, pp. 9-50.--Cf. Jourdain, "le Budget de
l'Instruction publique," 1857, passim. (Appropriation by the State for
primary instruction in 1829, 100,000 francs; in 1832, 1,000,000 francs;
in 1847, 2,400,000 francs;--for secondary instruction, in 1830, 920,000
francs; in 1848, 1,500,000 francs; in 1854, 1,549,241 francs. (The towns
support their own communal colleges.)--Liard," Universites et Facultes,"
p. II. In 1829, the budget of Faculties does not reach 1,000,000 francs;
in 1848, it is 2,876,000 francs.]

[Footnote 6318: Law of Floreal 11, year X, article 4.--"Rapport sur
la statistique comparee de l'enseignement primaire," 1880, vol. II.,p.
133;--31 per cent of the pupils in the public schools were gratuitously
admitted in 1837; 57 per cent in 1876-77. The congregationists admit
about two thirds of their scholars gratuitously and one third for pay.]

[Footnote 6319: Cf. Jourdain, Ibid., pp. 22, 143, 161.]

[Footnote 6320: Cf. Jourdain, Ibid., p.287. (The fixed salary and
examination-fees are included in the above figures.) In 1850, the
regular salary of the p