to the
third chapter of St. Luke, was the merciful protector of soldiers; but
at the beginning of the Reformation the difference between the Baptist
and Evangelist was little understood by Landsknechte, nor indeed by all
ecclesiastics.]

[Footnote 14: Bilwiz-kind, same as child of the devil. Bilwiz is an old
name for magician or hobgoblin.]

[Footnote 15: One is tempted to change this passage to an old
heathenish form: "Whoever falls by honourable weapons on the field of
battle, will be carried to Walhalla by the virgins of battle; those who
contend with the sorcery of the gods of death, Helja takes to herself."
We find the name of Black Kaspar for the devil even in the sixteenth
century.]

[Footnote 16: Koenigl. schwedischer Victorischluessel a. a. O.]

[Footnote 17: Zimmermann, Goth. Msc. a. a. O.]

[Footnote 18: Grimmelshausen speaks of the art of rendering
invulnerable as credible, but as a thing long known. He was more
interested in the superstition which was prevalent in 1660--the art of
becoming invisible and of witchcraft. At the end of the century magic
rods were common, and familiar spirits powerful. Wunderbares Vogelnest.
ii. Th. Satyrischer Pilgram ii. Th.]

[Footnote 19: Muellenhof, Sagen. S. 231.--Femme, Pommesache Sagen. Nr.
244.]

[Footnote 20: Philander von Sittewald, "Gesicht von Soldatenleben."]

[Footnote 21: Grimmelshausen, "Seltsamer Springensfeld."]

[Footnote 22: _Dionys Klein. Kriegsinstitution_, 1598, 8. _S_. 288.]

[Footnote 23: Simplicissimus i. 3, 9, and Philander von Sittenwald,
'Soldatenleben.']

[Footnote 24: Grimmelshausen, 'Springenfeld.']

[Footnote 25: Lump, German for ragamuffin.]

[Footnote 26: Philander von Sittewald, 'Soldatenleben.']

[Footnote 27: Moscherosoh und Grimmelshausen, a. v. O.]

[Footnote 28: At the beginning of the war it was customary for people
to conceal their treasures in the dung-heaps.]

[Footnote 29: The parish receiver, Johann Martin at Heldburg, writes,
for example, on the 13th September, 1640, on behalf of the helpless
pastor, and proposes his removal, because in this village there
remained only a widow and another woman, and he himself could not
obtain a groschen from the annual fees of his district, which formerly
amounted to some hundred thalers.]

[Footnote 30: This was the time in the Thirty years' war when the
German princes and dukes coined base money. When one prince had
obtained possession of the coinage of another he melted i