forward, that very much of the
_variety_ both of colour and markings among animals is due to the
supreme importance of concealment, and thus the various tints of
minerals and vegetables have been directly reproduced in the animal
kingdom, and again and again modified as more special protection became
necessary. We shall thus have two causes for the development of colour
in the animal world and shall be better enabled to understand how, by
their combined and separate action, the immense variety we now behold
has been produced. Both causes, however, will come under the general law
of "Utility," the advocacy of which, in its broadest sense, we owe
almost entirely to Mr. Darwin. A more accurate knowledge of the varied
phenomena connected with this subject may not improbably give us some
information both as to the senses and the mental faculties of the lower
animals. For it is evident that if colours which please us also attract
them, and if the various disguises which have been here enumerated are
equally deceptive to them as to ourselves, then both their powers of
vision and their faculties of perception and emotion, must be
essentially of the same nature as our own--a fact of high philosophical
importance in the study of our own nature and our true relations to the
lower animals.[4]

FOOTNOTES:

[4] The author continues this study in Chapter ix of "Darwinism": New
York, Macmillan Co., 1889.--Ed.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY

[Professor Huxley as a naturalist, educator, and
controversialist was one of the commanding figures of the
nineteenth century. To physiology and morphology his
researches added much of importance: as an expositor he stood
unapproached. As the bold and witty champion of Darwinism he
gave natural selection an acceptance much more early and wide
than it would otherwise have enjoyed. In 1876 he delivered in
America three lectures on Evolution: the third of the series
is here given. All three are copyrighted and published by D.
Appleton & Co., New York, in a volume which also contains a
lecture on the study of biology. Since 1876 the arguments of
Professor Huxley have been reinforced by the discovery of
many fossils connecting not only the horse, but other
quadrupeds, with species widely different and now extinct.
The most comprehensive collection illustrating the descent of
the horse is to b