d. Ultimately other chains with pendent jewels were attached to the
chain that passed across the breast, and completely covered that part of
the person with decoration.

[Illustration: Fig. 211.]

In the museum at Mayence is preserved a very curious monumental
sculpture, upon which is presented the effigy of the man for whom it was
erected, his wife, and son. He was a sailor, who died at the ripe age of
seventy-five, and appears to have been generous to his lady in the
article of jewellery, according to the usual habit of his craft. Mr. C.
Roach Smith, who first published this curious monument in his
"Collectanea Antiqua," observes that "she had evidently dressed for the
portrait." She wears a vest, fitting closely to the arms and bust, and
at the neck gathered to a frill, which is enclosed by a torque, or gold
necklet. Over this hangs a garment, which falls gracefully down in
front, and is crossed at the breast over the left arm. The jewellery of
the widow is of no common description, nor niggardly bestowed. Upon the
breast, below the torque, is a rose-shaped ornament or brooch, and
beneath that a couple of fibulae; two more of a similar pattern fasten
the upper garment near the right shoulder, and upon the left arm, just
above the elbow; an armlet encircles the right arm, and bracelets the
wrist. Fig. 211 gives the upper portion of the form of this lady:
judging from the style of her head-dress she may have lived in the reign
of the Emperor Hadrian. Probably many years younger than her
sailor-husband, she appears to have tempered her grief with judgment,
and to have taken advantage of his death to set herself forth to the
world in her gayest costume.

[Illustration: Figs. 212-214.]

As barbarism increased, and subverted good taste, brooches of the most
absurd forms were invented, and made more grotesque by unnatural enamel
colours. Birds, fish, men on horseback, formed the face of these
brooches, which would never have been understood by a modern eye, had
they not been found with the pins attached to them behind. Three
examples from the great work of Montfaucon are given in Figs. 212, 213,
and 214, they were found in Italy and Germany. The first represents a
combination of two warlike implements on one handle--the upper one an
axe, the lower a bipennis. The second specimen is made like a bird: we
have given it at an angle, to show the way the pin was fastened at the
back of it. The third specimen is a fish, which