h interlaced patterns, and heads
of strange birds and animals. They are then generally gilt, and have
been found of enormous size, eight inches in length by six in breadth. I
imagine these very large brooches fastened the heavy outer cloak, the
smaller being used for lighter portions of the dress.

[Illustration: Fig. 219.]

[Illustration: Fig. 220.]

The ordinary form of brooch worn by the humbler classes is shown in the
two specimens (Figs. 219 and 220), both are of bronze, with very slight
attempt at ornament, and were found by labourers employed in repairing
the road on the line of the Watling Street, about a mile from the
Romano-British settlement at Cesterover, between Bensford Bridge and the
road leading from Rugby to Lutterworth.

[Illustration: Fig. 221.]

[Illustration: Fig. 222.]

Two specimens of the circular fibulae of the southern Anglo-Saxons are
given in Figs. 221 and 222. They were both found in Kent, where the
wealthiest and most refined Saxons were located. It is curious to note
how completely in design and execution they resemble such as are found
in South Germany. In the Augsburg Museum are some identical in design
and execution with Kentish specimens in the Mayer Museum at Liverpool.
They appear as if made by the same workmen.

These fibulae are generally much enriched on the upper surface. A soft
enamel, or slices of pearl (which have generally perished), probably
filled the outer rim in Fig. 221; the centre is here raised, and is
formed of pearl, in the centre of which is a garnet, and slices of
garnet are cut to fit the triangular ornaments; to give them greater
brilliancy, they are laid on a thin piece of gold foil. Fig. 222 is of
more elaborate design; the use of garnet is again apparent, but the
spaces between the jewellery are filled with a double row of incurvated
ornaments, made of fine threads of gold; sometimes these threads of gold
are reeded, or plaited, of two or three finer gold threads. I have been
assured by practical goldsmiths that more delicate work could not be
done in the present day. All these small ornaments are made singly, and
then fastened in their places. They excite astonishment at the great
refinement that must have characterised the Anglo-Saxons, and which is
carried out in other articles found in their tumuli.

Fig. 223 represents a group of Anglo-Saxon pins. The first specimen is
of the simplest design, with no attempt at ornament, except the double
cross