ks of St. Paulinus of
Aquileia, mentioned above, we have several poems of his composition:
the first contains a rule of faith against the Arians, Nestorians,
and Eutychians: the rest are hymns or rhythms on the Chair of St.
Peter, and on several other festivals and saints. Among his letters
the second is most remarkable, in which he complains severely to
Charlemagne that several bishops attending the court neglected to
reside in their dioceses. Against this abuse he quotes the council
of Sardica, which forbade any bishop to be absent from his see above
three weeks. Madrisius, p. 188.

B. CHARLEMAGNE, EMPEROR.

CHARLEMAGNE, or Charles the Great, son of king Pepin, was born in 742,
and crowned king of France in 768; but his youngest brother Carloman
reigned in Austrasia till his death, in 771. Charlemagne vanquished
Hunauld, duke of Aquitaine, and conquered the French Gothia or
Languedoc; subdued Lombardy; conferred on pope Adrian the exarchate of
Ravenna, the duchy of Spoletto, and many other dominions; took Pavia,
(which had been honored with the residence of twenty kings,) and was
crowned king of Lombardy in 774. The emir Abderamene in Spain, having
shaken off the yoke of the caliph of the Saracens, in 736, and
established his kingdom at Cordova, and other emirs in Spain setting up
independency, Charlemagne, in 778, marched as far as the Ebro and
Saragossa, conquered Barcelona, Gironne, and many other places, and
returned triumphant. His cousin Roland, who followed him with the rear
of his army, in his return was set upon in the Pyrenean mountains by a
troop of Gascon robbers, and slain; and is the famous hero of numberless
old French romances and songs. The Saxons having in the king's absence
plundered his dominions upon the Rhine, he flew to the Weser, and
compelled them to make satisfaction. Thence he went to Rome, and had his
infant sons crowned kings, Pepin of Lombardy, and Lewis of Aquitaine.
The great revolt of the Saxons, in 782, called him again on that side.
When they were vanquished, and sued for pardon, he declared he would no
more take their oaths which they had so often broken, unless they became
Christians. Witikind embraced the condition, was baptized with his chief
followers in 785, and being created duke of part of Saxony, remained
ever after faithful in his religion and allegiance. From him are
descended, either directly or by intermarriages, many dukes of Bavaria