libenter ad iusti domini imperium redeuntibus. Sed ea Rossianorum
parendi facilitas animum praedae avidum ad maiora audenda impulit.
In Moraviam transgressus eam praesidio destitutam statim in suam
potestatem redegit. Deinde Bogiam praedabundus transivit; et iam
Abredoniae imminebat. Adversus hunc subitum et inexpectatum hostem
Gubernator copias parabat; sed cum magnitudo et propinquitas
periculi auxilia longinqua expectare non sineret, Alexander Marriae
Comes ex Alexandro Gubernatoris fratre genitus cum tota ferme
nobilitate trans Taum ad Harlaum vicum ei se objecit. Fit praelium
inter pauca cruentum et memorabile: nobilium hominum virtute de
omnibus fortunis, deque gloria adversus immanem feritatem
decertante. Nox eos diremit magis pugnando lassos, quam in alteram
partem re inclinata adeoque incertus fuit eius pugnae exitus, ut
utrique cum recensuissent, quos viros amisissent, sese pro victis
gesserint. Hoc enim praelio tot homines genere, factisque clari
desiderati sunt, quot vix ullus adversus exteros conflictus per
multos annos absumpsisse memoratur. Itaque vicus ante obscurus ex
eo ad posteritatem nobilitatus est."--_Rerum Scotorum Historia_,
Lib. x.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 92: This was written after the stone had been carried to
England.]

[Footnote 93: He had fallen in the front rank of the Scottish army at
Halidon Hill.]

APPENDIX B

THE FEUDALIZATION OF SCOTLAND

The object of this Appendix is to give a summary of the process by which
Anglo-Norman feudalism came to supersede the earlier Scottish
civilization. For a more detailed account, the reader is referred to
Skene's _Celtic Scotland_, Robertson's _Scotland under her Early Kings_,
and Mr. Lang's _History of Scotland_.

The kingdom[94] of which Malcolm Canmore became the ruler in 1058 was
not inhabited by clans. It had been, from of old, divided into seven
provinces, each of which was inhabited by tribes. The tribe or tuath was
governed by its own chief or king (Ri or Toisech); each province or Mor
Tuath was governed by Ri Mor Tuath or Mormaer,[95] and these seven
Mormaers seem (in theory, at all events) to have elected the national
king, and to have acted as his advisers. The tribe was divided into
freemen and slaves, and freemen and slaves alike were subdivided into
various classes--noble and