ll." VI. ii. 27, Iphicrates' periplus.

[4] Or, "one set of boatswains." See Thuc. ii. 84. For the duties of
the Keleustes see "Dict. Gk. Rom. Ant." s.v. portisculus; and for
the type of captain see "Hell." V. i. 3, Teleutias.

Generals, too, will differ (he proceeded), the one sort from the other,
in this very quality. Here you have a leader who, incapable of kindling
a zest for toil and love of hairbreadth 'scapes, is apt to engender in
his followers that base spirit which neither deigns nor chooses to obey,
except under compulsion. They even pride and plume themselves, [5] the
cowards, on their opposition to their leader; this same leader who, in
the end, will make his men insensible to shame even in presence of
most foul mishap. On the other hand, put at their head another stamp of
general: one who is by right divine [6] a leader, good and brave, a
man of scientific knowledge. Let him take over to his charge those
malcontents, or others even of worse character, and he will have them
presently ashamed of doing a disgraceful deed. "It is nobler to obey"
will be their maxim. They will exult in personal obedience and in common
toil, where toil is needed, cheerily performed. For just as an unurged
zeal for voluntary service [7] may at times invade, we know, the breasts
of private soldiers, so may like love of toil with emulous longing to
achieve great deeds of valour under the eyes of their commander, be
implanted in whole armies by good officers.

[5] Lit. "magnify themselves." See "Ages." x. 2; "Pol. Lac." viii. 2.

[6] Or, "god-like," "with something more than human in him." See Hom.
"Il." xxiv. 259:

{oude eokei andros ge thnetou pais emmenai alla theoio.}

"Od." iv. 691; {theioi basilees}. Cf. Carlyle, "Heroes"; Plat. "Meno,"
99 D: Soc. "And may we not, Meno, truly call those men divine who,
having no understanding, yet succeed in many a grand deed and word?"
And below: Soc. "And the women too, Meno, call good men divine; and the
Spartans, when they praise a good man, say, 'that he is a divine man'"
(Jowett). Arist. "Eth. N." vii. 1: "That virtue which transcends the
human, and which is of an heroic or godlike type, such as Priam, in the
poems of Homer, ascribes to Hector, when wishing to speak of his great
goodness:

Not woman-born seemed he, but sprung from gods."

And below: "And exactly as it is a rare thing to find a man of godlike
nature--to use the expression of the Spartans, 'a go