behind that of the foetid gland. Sternal
plate of prosoma long and narrow, with a distinct prosternal element
underlying the mouth. Coxae of 4th, 5th and 6th appendages immovable.
Appendages of 2nd pair, strong, usually prehensile and spiny. Genital
orifice covered by an operculum.

Families--Gonoleptidae (_Gonoleptes, Goniasoma_).
Biantidae (_Biantes_).
Oncopodidae (_Oncopus, Pelitnus_).
Trioenonychidae (_Trioenonyx, Acumontia_).

Sub-order b. Palpatores.--Orifice of foetid glands opening above the
coxa of the 3rd appendage, not raised upon a tubercle. Orifice of
coxal gland situated between the coxae of the 5th and 6th appendages.
Sternal plate of prosoma usually short and wide, rarely longer than
broad; with a larger or smaller prosternal element underlying the
mouth. Coxae of 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th appendages movable or
immovable. Appendages of 2nd pair weak, pediform not prehensile.
Genital orifice covered by an operculum.

Families--Phalangiidae (_Phalangium, Gagrella_).
Ischyropsalidae (_Ischyropsalis, Taracus_).
Nemastomidae (_Nemastoma_).
Trogulidae (_Trogulus, Anelasmocephalus_).

Sub-order c. _Cyphophthalmi_ (_Anepignathi_).--Orifice of foetid
glands opening on a tubercle situated near the lateral border of the
carapace above the base of the 5th appendage. Orifice of coxal gland
probably situated at base of coxa of 5th appendage; sternal plate of
prosema minute or absent; no prosternal element underlying the mouth.
Coxae of 5th and 6th, and usually also of 4th appendages immovable.
Appendages of 2nd pair weak, pediform, not prehensile. Genital orifice
not covered by an operculum.

Families--Sironidae (_Siro, Pettalus_).
Stylocellidae (_Stylocellus_).

_Remarks on the Opiliones._--These include the harvest-men, sometimes
called also daddy-long-legs, with round undivided bodies and very
long, easily-detached legs. The intromittent organs of the male are
remarkable for their complexity and elaboration. The confluence of the
regions of the body and the dislocation of apertures from their
typical position are results of degeneration. The Opiliones seem to
lead on from the Spiders to the Mites. Reference to literature (39).

[Illustration: FIG. 77.--_Stylocellus sumatranus_, one of the
Opiliones; after Thorell. Enlarged.

A, Dorsal vie