rld I will trust
confidently to the Maker of the world; and look a little to my own
saving, which I am more competent to!"

Carlyle was never more soundly Puritanic, never more perfectly within
the lines of the moral traditions of his race than in these injunctions
to let the world go and to care for the individual soul.

We are familiar with the doctrine on this side of the Atlantic. Here is
a single phrase from Emerson's _Journal_ of September, 1833, written on
his voyage home from that memorable visit to Europe where he first made
Carlyle's acquaintance. "Back again to myself," wrote Emerson, as the
five-hundred-ton sailing ship beat her way westward for a long month
across the stormy North Atlantic:--"Back again to myself.--A man
contains all that is needful to his government within himself. He is
made a law unto himself. All real good or evil that can befall him must
be from himself.... The purpose of life seems to be to acquaint a man
with himself."

In the following August he is writing:--

"Societies, parties, are only incipient stages, tadpole
states of men, as caterpillars are social, but the butterfly
not. The true and finished man is ever alone."

On March 23, 1835:--

"Alone is wisdom. Alone is happiness. Society nowadays makes
us low-spirited, hopeless. Alone is Heaven."

And once more:--

"If AEschylus is that man he is taken for, he has not yet
done his office when he has educated the learned of Europe
for a thousand years. He is now to approve himself a master
of delight to me. If he cannot do that, all his fame shall
avail him nothing. I were a fool not to sacrifice a thousand
AEschyluses to my intellectual integrity."

These quotations have to do with the personal life. Let me next
illustrate the individualism of the eighteen-thirties by the attitude
of two famous individualists toward the prosaic question of paying
taxes to the State. Carlyle told Emerson that he should pay taxes to
the House of Hanover just as long as the House of Hanover had the
physical force to collect them,--and not a day longer.

Henry Thoreau was even more recalcitrant. Let me quote him:--

"I have paid no poll-tax for six years. I was put into a jail
once on this account, for one night; and, as I stood
considering the walls of solid stone, two or three feet
thick, the door of wood and iron, a foot thick, and the iron
grating which strained the ligh