yields a useful gum resin, called
Indian copal, piney varnish, white dammar, or gum anine. The resin
is procured by cutting a notch in the tree, so that the juice may
flow out and become hardened. It is used as a varnish for
pictures, carriages, etc. On the Malabar coast it is manufactured
into candles, which burn with a clear light and an agreeable
fragrance. The Portuguese employ this resin instead of incense.
Ornaments are fashioned from it under the name of amber. It is
also employed in medicine.

424. WEINMANNIA RACEMOSA.--A New Zealand tree called Towhia by the
natives of that country. Its bark is used for tanning purposes,
and as a red and brown dye, which give fast colors upon cotton
fabrics.

425. WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA.--The leaves of this plant furnish an inferior
kind of indigo. The wood is beautifully white, close-grained, and
ivory-like, and is much used for making Indian toys.

426. XANTHORRH[OE]A ARBOREA.--The grass gum tree of Australia, also
called black boy. This is a liliaceous plant, which produces a
long flower-stalk, bearing at the top an immense cylindrical
flower-spike, and when the short black stem is denuded of leaves,
the plants look very like black men holding spears. The leaves
afford good fodder for cattle, and the tender white center is used
as a vegetable. A fragrant resin, called acaroid resin, is
obtained from it.

427. XIMENIA AMERICANA.--A small tree, found in many warm regions;
among others in southern Florida. In Brazil it is called the
Native Plum on account of its small yellow fruits, which have a
subacid and somewhat astringent aromatic taste. The wood is
odoriferous and is used in the West Indies as a substitute for
sandalwood.

428. YUCCA AL[OE]FOLIA.--The yucca leaves afford a good fiber, and some
southern species are known as _bear's grass_. The root stems also
furnish a starchy matter, which has been rendered useful in the
manufacture of starch.

429. ZAMIA FURFURACEA.--This plant belongs to the order _Cycadaceae_,
and is grown to some extent for the starchy matter contained in
the stem, which is collected and used as arrowroot; but it is not
the true arrowroot, that being produced by a species of _Maranta_.

430. ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA.--The coontie plant of Florida. The large