erfectly to strengthen the fibres and to equalize the grist. The roving
frame, by rollers and spindles, produces a coarse loose thread, which the
mule or throstle spins into yarn. To make the warp, the twist is transferred
from cops to bobbins by the winding machine, and from the bobbins at the
warping machine to a cylindrical beam. This being taken to the dressing
machine, the warp is sized, dressed, and wound upon the weaving beam. The
weaving beam is then placed in the power loom, by which machine, the shuttle
being provided with cops with weft, the cloth is woven."

Sometimes the yarn only is exported, in other cases the cloth is bleached, or
dyed, or printed, all of which operations can be carried on in Manchester or
the surrounding auxiliary towns.

The best mode of obtaining a general idea of the trade carried on in
Manchester will be to visit two or three of the leading warehouses in which
buyers from all parts of the world supply their respective wants. For
instance, Messrs. J. N. Phillips and Co., of Church Street; Messrs.
Bannermans and Sons, York Street; Messrs. J. and J. Watts and Co., of Spring
Gardens; and Messrs. Wood and Westhead, of Piccadilly. Next, to go over one
of the leading Cotton Mills, say Briley's or Houldsworth's; then Messrs.
Lockett's establishment for engraving the plates used in calico-printing, and
Messrs. Thomas Hoyle and Son's print works. This work completed, the
traveller will have some idea of Manchester, not without.

* * * * *

SILK.--The silk trade of Manchester and of Macclesfield, which for that
purpose is a suburb of Manchester, arose in the restrictions imposed upon
Spitalfields, at the request of the weavers, by successive acts of
Parliament, for the purpose of regulating employment in that district. In
1830 there were not 100 Jacquard looms in Manchester and its neighbourhood,
whilst at the present time there are probably 12,000 employed either on silk
or some branch of figure weaving. The most convenient silk manufactory for
the visit of the stranger is that of Messrs. James Houldsworth of Portland
Street, near the Royal Infirmary. This firm was established by a German
gentleman, the late Mr. Louis Schwabe, an intelligent German, who introduced
the higher class of silk manufacture with such success as to enable him to
compete with even the very first class of Lyons silks for furniture damasks.

In addition to the extensive application of the Jacquard loom, Mr.