the suffrage had not
been granted to women at the beginning of the war in 1914.

In the second revolution in 1917 women took practically the same part
as men and in the Provisional Government which was the result there
was no question as to their equal rights in suffrage and office
holding. They were elected to the City Council of St. Petersburg and
put on all public committees. Then came the counter revolution and
chaos. From the beginning of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
in 1904 Russian delegates, women of great ability, had come to its
congresses with their reports but at the first meeting after the war,
in Geneva in 1920, there was no word. When Russia eventually secures a
stable government it probably will make no distinction between the
political rights of men and women.

GERMANY.

When the International Woman Suffrage Alliance met in Budapest in
June, 1913, delegates were present from affiliated societies in
twenty-one countries; national associations from several had applied
for admission and committees had been formed in several others. Over a
hundred fraternal delegates were sent from organizations in twelve
countries having woman suffrage as one of their objects or as the only
one. In every direction the prospect looked encouraging and then one
year later the great War burst upon the world! The first thought of
the suffrage leaders was that the work of years had been swept away
and after the War it would have to be commenced again. They did not
dream that as a result of the War would come victories for equal
suffrage that it would have required many years to win. These
victories began with the enfranchisement of the women of Great Britain
and Ireland in February, 1918, as described in another chapter, the
direct result of the War. On the Continent woman suffrage came first
where it had been least expected--in Germany and Austro-Hungary. In
some of the German States women landowners could vote by male proxies.
Each of the 22 States had its own King and Parliament and made its own
laws and all men of 25 could vote for the Reichstag or Lower House of
the Imperial Parliament but this privilege was largely nullified by a
system of plural voting. In Prussia and Bavaria, the two largest
States, women were not allowed to attend political meetings or form
political organizations, and those for suffrage came under this head.
The first attempt to form a suffrage society was made in Hamburg, one
of the