rrie Horton, president.

An extended series of mass meetings was held in many cities addressed
by prominent speakers, who came from outside the State to assist,
among whom were Mrs. Elizabeth Lowe Watson, Miss Addams, Mrs. Beatrice
Forbes Robertson, Mrs. Emily Montague Bishop, Professor Charles
Zueblin, Max Eastman, Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery; the Countess of
Warwick and Miss Sylvia Pankhurst of England; Miss Inez Milholland,
Mrs. Maud C. Nathan, Mrs. Glendower Evans, Baroness von Suttner
(Austria), Mrs. Alice Duer Miller, Mrs. Florence Kelley, Rabbi Emil
Hirschberg, Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, Mrs. Henrietta C. Lyman, Mrs.
Ella S. Stewart, Dr. Anna E. Blount, the Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer,
Mrs. Clara Neymann, who addressed the Germans, and Dr. Shaw.

There is no adequate record of that campaign in existence. Mrs. Luther
was State historian and in the habit of keeping carefully all
programs, calls for meetings, reports and other material necessary for
history, which were preserved at the Capitol and were destroyed when
it was burned. The Political Equality League raised and expended
$10,000 and the State association $5,000, as reported to the Secretary
of State. Nearly as much more was expended by individual members and
by other organizations. Dr. Shaw and Mrs. Benedict arranged a mass
meeting in New York which netted $2,700.

The determined hostility of the liquor interests to woman suffrage was
unmistakably shown during the campaign by the official organ of the
State Retail Liquor Dealers' Protective Association, called
"Progress." For months preceding the election it was filled with
objections, innuendo and abuse in prose, verse and pictures, all
designed to impress the reader with the absurdity and danger of giving
the vote to women. It appealed to the farmers and to every class of
people connected in any way with the manufacture and sale of beer,
saying in headlines: "Give the Ballot to Woman and Industry goes to
Smash." "It means the Loss of Vast Sums to Manufacturer, Dealer and
Workingmen," and this was kept up to the end.

An unprecedented vote was cast on the woman suffrage proposition at
the election November 4, 1912: for, 135,736; against, 227,054; lost by
91,318. Each of the three constitutional amendments voted on at the
time received barely a fifth of the vote cast on this measure. Of the
71 counties but 14 were carried for suffrage, Douglas county in the
extreme northwest on Lake Superior had the best recor