ilroad Advocate_ (December 29, 1855), vol. 2, p. 3.

[6] C. E. FISHER, "Locomotives of the New Haven Railroad," _Railway and
Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin_ (April 1938), no. 46, p. 48.

[7] Minutes C.V.R.R.

[8] _Evening Sentinel_ (Carlisle, Pa.), October 23, 1901.

[9] _Norwich Bulletin_ (Norwich, Conn.), July 24, 1879. All data
regarding A. F. Smith is from this source unless otherwise noted.

[10] _Railway Age_ (September 13, 1889), vol. 14, no. 37. Page 600 notes
that Tyler worked on C.V.R.R. 1851-1852; Smith's obituary (footnote 9)
mentions 1849 as the year; and minutes of C.V.R.R. mention Tyler as
early as 1850.

[11] Minutes C.V.R.R.

[12] A. F. HOLLEY, _American and European Railway Practice_ (New York:
1861). An illustration of Smith's superheater is shown on plate 58,
figure 13.

[13] JOHN H. WHITE, "Introduction of the Locomotive Safety Truck,"
(Paper 24, 1961, in _Contributions from the Museum of History and
Technology: Papers 19-30_, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 228;
Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1963), p. 117.

[14] _Annual Report_, C.V.R.R., 1853.

[15] ZERAH COLBURN, _Recent Practice in Locomotive Engines_ (1860), p.
71.

[16] _Railroad Gazette_ (September 27, 1907), vol. 43, no. 13, pp.
357-360. These notes on Wilmarth locomotives by C. H. Caruthers were
printed with several errors concerning the locomotives of the Cumberland
Valley Railroad and prompted the preparation of these present remarks on
the history of Wilmarth's activities. Note that on page 359 it is
reported that only one compensating-lever engine was built for the
C.V.R.R. in 1854, and not two such engines in 1852. The _Pioneer_ is
incorrectly identified as a "Shanghai," and as being one of three such
engines built in 1871 by Wilmarth.

[17] The author is indebted to Thomas Norrell for these and many of the
other facts relating to Wilmarth's Union Works.

[18] _Railroad Gazette_ (October 1907), vol. 43, p. 382.

[19] _Boston Daily Evening Telegraph_ (Boston, Mass.), August 11, 1854.
The article stated that one engine a week was built and that 10 engines
were already completed for the Erie. Construction had started on 30
others.

[20] The restoration work has been ably handled by John Stine of the
Museum staff. Restoration started in October 1961.

[21] S. H. OLIVER, _The First Quarter Century of the Steam Locomotive in
America_ (U.S. National Museum Bulletin 210; Washington: Smithsonian
Institution, 19