uld have occasional visitants,
only in few numbers and exposed to new conditions and <illegible>
more important,--a quite new grouping of organic beings, which would
open out new sources of subsistence, or <would> control <?> old
ones. The number would be few, can old have the very best opportunity.
<The conquest of the indigenes by introduced organisms shows that
the indigenes were not perfectly adapted, see _Origin_, Ed. i. p.
390.> Moreover as the island continued changing,--continued slow
changes, river, marshes, lakes, mountains &c. &c., new races as
successively formed and a fresh occasional visitant.

If island formed continent, some species would emerge and
immigrate. Everyone admits continents. We can see why Galapagos and
C. Verde differ <see _Origin_, Ed. i. p. 398>], depressed and raised.
We can see from this repeated action and the time required for a
continent, why many more forms than in New Zealand <see _Origin_,
Ed. i. p. 389 for a comparison between New Zealand and the Cape> no
mammals or other classes <see however, _Origin_, Ed. i. p. 393 for
the case of the frog>. We can at once see how it comes when there
has been an old channel of migration,--Cordilleras; we can see why
Indian Asiatic Flora,--[why species] having a wide range gives
better chance of some arriving at new points and being selected, and
adapted to new ends. I need hardly remark no necessity for change.

Finally, as continent (most extinction <?> during formation of
continent) is formed after repeated elevation and depression, and
interchange of species we might foretell much extinction, and that
the survivor would belong to same type, as the extinct, in same
manner as different part of same continent, which were once
separated by space as they are by time <see _Origin_, Ed. i. pp.
339 and 349>.

As all mammals have descended from one stock, we ought to expect
that every continent has been at some time connected, hence
obliteration of present ranges. I do not mean that the fossil
mammifers found in S. America are the lineal successors <ancestors>
of the present forms of S. America: for it is highly improbable
that more than one or two cases (who will say how many races after
Plata bones) should be found. I believe this from numbers, who have
lived,--mere <?>