the bark and grooved on the surface of the wood. These
are galleries and burrows of the parent beetles and of their broods
of young grubs or larvae. The girdling effect of these galleries is
the real cause of the death of the trees.

HABITS OF THE BEETLES.

The broods of the beetle pass the winter in the bark of the trees
that die during the preceding summer and fall. During the warm days
of March and April these overwintered broods complete their
development to the adult winged form, which during May and June
emerge through small round holes in the bark and fly to the living
trees. They then attack the twigs to feed on the base of the leaves
and tender bark and concentrate in the bark of the trunks and large
branches of some of the living healthy trees and bore through the
bark to excavate their short vertical egg galleries. The eggs are
deposited along the sides of these galleries and the larvae
hatching from them excavate the radiating food burrows which serve
to girdle the tree or branch.

The following recommendations for the successful control of this
beetle are based on investigations, experiments and demonstrations
conducted by the experts on forest insects of the Bureau of
Entomology during the past 10 years.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

1. The best time to conduct the control work is between October 1st
and May 1st, but must be completed before the 1st to middle of May
in order to destroy the broods of the beetle before they begin to
emerge.

2. The hickory trees within an area of several square miles that
died during the summer and fall and those of which part or all of
the tops or large branches died should be located and marked with
white paint or otherwise.

3. Fell the marked dead trees and cut out all dead branches or the
tops of the remaining marked trees which still have sufficient life
to make a new growth of branches.

4. Dispose of all infested trunks and branches in such a manner as
to kill the overwintering broods of the beetles in the bark; (a) by
utilizing the wood for commercial products and burning the refuse;
or (b) utilizing the wood of the trunks and branches for fuel; or
(c) by placing the logs in water and burning the branches and tops;
or (d) by removing the infected bark from the trunks or logs a