rebels and restoration of order and law. Sir Colin Campbell [Footnote:
Died at Chatham, England, August 14, 1863.--ED.]--later made Baron Clyde
of Clydesdale--undertook a general campaign against the rebels in Oudh
and Rohilkhand, and restored order and law in those disaffected
Provinces; while Sir James Outram drove the rebels out of Lucknow, and
reestablished British sovereignty in the capital of Oudh.

(1859) BATTLES OF MAGENTA AND SOLFERINO, Pietro Orsi

During the Crimean War (1853-1856) Austria remained neutral, while the
Italian Kingdom of Sardinia joined Great Britain, France, and Turkey
against Russia. The power of Austria still kept despotic sway over the
States of Italy, and it was the aim of Victor Emmanuel, King of
Sardinia, to throw off this hinderance to Italian liberty and union. It
was the opinion of Count Cavour, Victor Emmanuel's minister, that, by
acting with the allies against Russia, Sardinia would increase her
prestige with the European Powers, and thereby promote the movement for
independence. The success of the allies in the Crimean War confirmed the
prescience of Cavour.

Napoleon III wished to secure for France supremacy in southern Europe.
In 1855 he inquired of the Sardinian minister, "What can I do for
Italy?" The Crimean War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1856. At the
congress which concluded that peace Cavour presented the case of Italy
against Austria. Not long after this it became evident that Napoleon was
prepared to espouse the Italian cause. In 1858 it was agreed that he
should do this.

Sardinia now prepared for war. Austria sent an ultimatum demanding a
reduction of the Sardinian army to a peace footing, This demand was
refused. In January, 1859, Austria mobilized fresh troops on the Italian
frontier, and Cavour requested Garibaldi to organize a volunteer corps
to be called _Cacciatori delle Alpi_ ("Hunters of the Alps"). Still
Cavour disclaimed a warlike policy, denying that the hostile initiative
was taken by Sardinia, although in this position he was opposed by some
members of his own Parliament. Nevertheless Cavour declared: "I believe
I am justified in proclaiming aloud, in the presence of Parliament, of
the nation, and of Europe, that if there has been provocation it was
offered by Austria." As shown by Orsi, the Italian historian, the great
minister maintained this attitude as long as it was possible to hold
back from the actual conflict.

Cavour insisted tha