o escape.

To be perfectly impartial, it must be admitted that the frog had some
slight reason for apprehension. The lecturer proceeded:

I touch one of its toes, and you see it resents the molestation in a
very decided manner. Why does it so struggle to get away when I pinch
its toes? Doubtless, you will say, because it feels the pinch and would
rather not have it repeated. I now behead the animal with the aid of a
sharp chisel. . . . The headless trunk lies as though it were dead. The
spinal cord seems to be suffering from shock. Probably, however, it
will soon recover from this. . . . Observe that the animal has now
_spontaneously_ drawn up its legs and arms, and it is sitting with its
neck erect just as if it had not lost its head at all. I pinch its
toes, and you see the leg is at once thrust out as if to spurn away the
offending instrument. Does it still feel? and is the motion still the
result of the volition?

That the frog did feel, and delicately hinted at the circumstance, there
seems to be no room to doubt, for Professor Rutherford related that
having once decapitated a frog, the animal suddenly bounded from the
table, a movement that presumably indicated a kind of consciousness. He
then returned to the subject immediately under observation, pinched its
foot again, the frog again "resenting the stimulation." He then thrust
a needle down the spinal cord. "The limbs are now flaccid," observed the
experimenter; "we may wait as long as we please, but a pinch of the toes
will never again cause the limbs of this animal to move." Here is
where congratulations can come in for _la grenouille_. That frog being
concluded, the lecturer continued:

I take another frog. In this case I open the cranium and remove the
brain and medulla oblongata. . . . I thrust a pin through the nose and
hang the animal thereby to a support, so that it can move its pendent
legs without any difficulty. . . . I gently pinch the toes. . . . The
leg of the same side is pulled up. . . . I pinch the same more severely.
. . . Both legs are thrown into motion.

Having thus satisfactorily proved that the wretched creature could still
suffer acutely, the professor resumed:

The cutaneous nerves of the frog are extremely sensitive to acids; so
I put a drop of acetic acid on the outside of one knee. This, you see,
gives rise to most violent movements both of arms and legs, and notice
particularly that the animal is using the toes of the leg on th