nates; forestry is an important
export earner and a secondary occupation for the rural population; main
crops--cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient, but short of food
and fodder grains; annual fish catch about 160,000 metric tons

Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $1.7 billion

Currency: markka (plural--markkaa); 1 markka (FMk) or
Finmark = 100 pennia

Exchange rates: markkaa (FMk) per US$1--4.0022 (January 1990),
4.2912 (1989), 4.1828 (1988), 4.3956 (1987), 5.0695 (1986), 6.1979 (1985)

Fiscal year: calendar year

- Communications
Railroads: 5,924 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total of
5,863 km 1.524-meter gauge, of which 480 km are multiple track and 1,445 km
are electrified

Highways: about 103,000 km total, including 35,000 km paved (bituminous,
concrete, bituminous-treated surface) and 38,000 km unpaved (stabilized gravel,
gravel, earth); additional 30,000 km of private (state-subsidized) roads

Inland waterways: 6,675 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km
suitable for steamers

Pipelines: natural gas, 580 km

Ports: Helsinki, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku; 6 secondary, numerous
minor ports

Merchant marine: 82 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 737,811
GRT/764,695 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 11 short-sea passenger, 18 cargo,
1 refrigerated cargo, 24 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 12 petroleum, oils, and
lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 7 bulk,
1 combination bulk

Civil air: 39 major transport

Airports: 160 total, 157 usable; 56 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 3,659 m; 23 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good service from cable and radio relay network;
3,140,000 telephones; stations--4 AM, 42 (101 relays) FM, 79 (195 relays) TV;
2 submarine cables; satellite service via Swedish earth stations; satellite
earth stations--2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 EUTELSAT

- Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,312,941; 1,091,416 fit for military
service; 32,288 reach military age (17) annually

Defense expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (1989 est.)
----------------------------------------------------
Country: France
- Geography
Total area: 547,030 km2; land area: 545,630 km2; includes Corsica and
the rest of metropolitan France, but excludes the overseas administrative
divisions

Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size