11%, ferrochrome 11%,
cotton 6%; partners--Europe 55% (EC 41%, Netherlands 6%, other 8%),
Africa 22% (South Africa 12%, other 10%), US 6%

Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--machinery and
transportation equipment 37%, other manufactures 22%, chemicals 16%, fuels 15%;
partners--EC 31%, Africa 29% (South Africa 21%, other 8%), US 8%, Japan 4%

External debt: $2.96 billion (December 1989 est.)

Industrial production: growth rate 4.7% (1988 est.)

Electricity: 2,036,000 kW capacity; 5,460 million kWh produced,
540 kWh per capita (1989)

Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals,
foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products

Agriculture: accounts for about 15% of GDP and employs over 70% of
population; 40% of land area divided into 6,000 large commercial farms and
42% in communal lands; crops--corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat,
coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock--cattle, sheep, goats, pigs;
self-sufficient in food

Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-88), $359 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $2.0 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $36 million; Communist countries (1970-88),
$134 million

Currency: Zimbabwean dollar (plural--dollars);
1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1--2.2873 (January 1990),
2.1133 (1989), 1.8018 (1988), 1.6611 (1987), 1.6650 (1986), 1.6119 (1985)

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

- Communications
Railroads: 2,745 km 1.067-meter gauge; 42 km double track; 355 km
electrified

Highways: 85,237 km total; 15,800 km paved, 39,090 km crushed stone,
gravel, stabilized soil: 23,097 km improved earth; 7,250 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication

Pipelines: 8 km, refined products

Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft

Airports: 506 total, 420 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways;
2 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 37 with runways
1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now
suffers from poor maintenance; consists of radio relay links, open-wire lines,
and radio communications stations; 247,000 telephones; stations--8 AM, 18 FM,
8 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

- Defense Forces
Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Police Support
Unit, People's Militia

Milita