he other hand, _after he left the
region of calms and rains_, where the water and air stood with almost
entire uniformity at 82 deg., on the 3d of March, and for three days
thereafter, during which he was in the S. E. trades with fair weather,
the water was the same as under the supposed vortex, _viz._, 82 deg., _and the
air rose to 83 deg. and 84 deg._! _This is demonstration._

I also take from a letter of Lieutenant Walsh to Lieutenant Maury,
relative to the cruise of the "Taney" the following, showing the warmth of
the Gulf Stream compared with the adjacent ocean.

"We first crossed the Gulf Stream on the 31st of October; we struck
it in latitude 37 deg. 22', longitude 71 deg. 26' as indicated by the
temperature of the water, which was as follows:

8 A.M. water at surface 66 deg.
9 " " " 73 deg.
10 " " " 76 deg.
11 " " " 77 deg.

77 deg. was the highest temperature found in crossing at this time.

Re-crossing it in May, in latitude 35 deg. 30', longitude 72 deg. 35', he
found the water as follows:

8 A.M. water at surface 71 deg. 8'
9 " " " 73 deg.
10 " " " 75 deg. 5'
11 " " " 78 deg. 5'
12 M. " " 78 deg. 5'

79 deg. being the highest temperature found."

The average difference between the temperature of the water of the Gulf
Stream and the adjoining ocean, at the line of division, is about ten
degrees, increasing to more than twenty on approaching the coast, and
within one hundred miles--a far greater difference than is ever found on
the winter side of the inter-tropical rainy belt.

It is not only not so, then, that the surface of the ocean is materially
warmer under the belt of rains than the adjoining surface under the
trades, especially on the summer side, but if it were so, the trades would
not be created thereby, any more than upon the Gulf Stream. And the
opposite is true of the land where the line of calms, and rains, and
drought meet, all around the globe. The fact assumed is therefore untrue.
The hottest surfaces, even at the rainless portion, where there is no
vortex, no storm, and no wind but the continual uniform N. E. horizontal
trade-wind, _never_ created, by reason of the heat alone, a mile of wind,
a storm or shower.

But, again, the belt of calms, where the